Lei Wang

Bio: Lei Wang is an academic researcher from Chinese Academy of Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Precipitation & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 50, co-authored 429 publications receiving 9543 citations. Previous affiliations of Lei Wang include Taizhou University & Peking University.

[Use of Hopkins rod-lens coupled with grasping forceps sheaths for extraction of tracheobronchial foreign bodies].

Abstract: Objective To study the clinical application of Hopkins rod-lens coupled with gasping forceps sheaths in the extraction of tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Methods Sixty-two patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies were operated on with Hopkins rod-lens coupled with grasping forceps sheaths under direct telescopic view or TV watching. High frequency jet ventilation was used and BPs ECGs SaO2 were monitored in all cases. Results Sixty-two patients were all successfully operated on. The extraction was primarily successful in 90% of the cases; and secondarily successful in 7% of the cases. No death and serious complication occurred. Conclusion Compared with conventional bronchoscopic foreign body extraction, this new instrument and technique make it possible for the operator to clamp and extract foreign body under direct telescopic view or TV watching. It has increased the accuracy and safety of bronchoscopic extraction of tracheobronchial foreign bodies.

First record of Phyllorhiza sp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in a Chinese coastal aquaculture pond.

Abstract: Background It has been suggested that aquaculture ponds on the Chinese coast could act as breeding grounds for scyphozoans. Here, we present the first record of the scyphomedusa Phyllorhiza sp. in an aquaculture pond on the coast of the southern Yellow Sea, based on a combination of morphological characteristics and mitochondrial 16S DNA sequence data. Methods A field survey was performed on June 29, 2017 in a pond used for culturing the shrimp Penaeus japonicus, located in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Jellyfish specimens were collected for morphological and genetic analysis. The morphological characters of the jellyfish specimens were compared to taxonomic literature. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 16S fragments of these specimens were also conducted. Results These specimens had the following morphological characters: hemispherical umbrella without scapulets; J-shaped oral arms; a single larger terminal club on each arm; bluish colored with a slightly expanded white tip; and mouthlets present only in the lower half to one-third of each arm. These morphological features of the medusae indicated that the specimens found in the shrimp culture ponds belong to the genus Phyllorhiza Agassiz, 1862, but did not match with the description of any of the known species of the genus Phyllorhiza. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 16S regions revealed that these specimens, together with Phyllorhiza sp. from Malaysian coastal waters, belong to a sister group of Phyllorhiza punctata. Juveniles and ephyrae of Phyllorhiza sp. were observed in the aquaculture pond. The mean density of Phyllorhiza sp. medusa in the surface water within the pond was estimated to be 0.05 individuals/m2. Discussion Based on our observations of the gross morphology and molecular data, we state that the specimens collected in the aquaculture pond can be identified as Phyllorhiza sp. This is the first record of Phyllorhiza sp. in Chinese seas. Large scale dispersal through ballast water or the expansion of jellyfish aquarium exhibitions are possible pathways of invasion, but this needs to be confirmed in further studies.

Adjustment of precipitation measurements using Total Rain weighing Sensor (TRwS) gauges in the cryospheric hydrometeorology observation (CHOICE) system of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Abstract: Precipitation is one of the most important indicators of climate data, but there are many errors in precipitation measurements due to the influence of climatic conditions, especially those of solid precipitation in alpine mountains and at high latitude areas. The measured amount of precipitation in those areas is frequently less than the actual amount of precipitation. To understand the impact of climatic conditions on precipitation measurements in the mountainous areas of Northwest China and the applicability of different gauges in alpine mountains, we established a cryospheric hydrometeorology observation (CHOICE) system in 2008 in the Qilian Mountains, which consists of six automated observation stations located between 2960 and 4800 m a.s.l. Total Rain weighing Sensor (TRwS) gauges tested in the World Meteorological Organization-Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE) were used at observation stations with the CHOICE system. To study the influence of climatic conditions on different types of precipitation measured by the TRwS gauges, we conducted an intercomparison experiment of precipitation at Hulu-1 station that was one of the stations in the CHOICE system. Moreover, we tested the application of transfer functions recommended by the WMO-SPICE at this station using the measurement data from a TRwS gauge from August 2016 to December 2020 and computed new coefficients for the same transfer functions that were more appropriate for the dataset from Hulu-1 station. The new coefficients were used to correct the precipitation measurements of other stations in the CHOICE system. Results showed that the new parameters fitted to the local dataset had better correction results than the original parameters. The environmental conditions of Hulu-1 station were very different from those of observation stations that provided datasets to create the transfer functions. Thus, root-mean-square error (RMSE) of solid and mixed precipitation corrected by the original parameters increased significantly by the averages of 0.135 (353%) and 0.072 mm (111%), respectively. RMSE values of liquid, solid and mixed precipitation measurements corrected by the new parameters decreased by 6%, 20% and 13%, respectively. In addition, the new parameters were suitable for correcting precipitation at other five stations in the CHOICE system. The relative precipitation (RP) increment of different types of precipitation increased with rising altitude. The average RP increment value of snowfall at six stations was the highest, reaching 7%, while that of rainfall was the lowest, covering 3%. Our results confirmed that the new parameters could be used to correct precipitation measurements of the CHOICE system.

Intraoperative cell salvage as an effective intervention for postpartum hemorrhage—Evidence from a prospective randomized controlled trial

Abstract: Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Promptly recovering blood loss is critical for PPH. Intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) is a method to collect and process red blood cells (RBCs) from the blood lost during surgery and transfuse them to the patient’s circulation during or immediately after surgery. Its effectiveness in reducing the demand for allogeneic blood transfusion has been proven, but its effectiveness and safety as a sole treatment for PPH during Cesarean sections are unclear. This is particularly important for patients who cannot or do not want to accept allogeneic blood transfusion. Materials and methods In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients with high risks of PPH were randomized into the ICS group or the control group, receiving ICS or allogeneic RBC transfusion if their hemoglobin level was less than 80 g/L during operation. Data collected include clinical examination, blood cell count, hemoglobin level, coagulation function, and plasma levels of fetal hemoglobin, tissue factor, and alpha-fetoprotein before and after fetal delivery and 0, 2, and 12 h after treatment. Adverse events were recorded. Results A total of 130 patients were enrolled, aged 33 ± 1 years with a mean gestation period of 37 ± 1 week. The most common cause of Cesarean section was placenta previa, followed by twin pregnancy, scarred uterus, preeclampsia, placental abruption, fetal distress, and placenta accreta spectrum. Bleeding amount was similar between the two groups. The ICS group, compared to controls, had more efficient increases in levels of hemoglobin, RBC, and hematocrit (all p < 0.05). Coagulation function was maintained in the ICS group but reduced in controls 24 h after transfusion, indicated by significantly reduced fibrinogen level and prolonged prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (all p < 0.05). There was a transient but significant decrease in plasma tissue factor and alpha-fetoprotein levels and an increase in plasma fetal hemoglobin level with ICS treatment in the postpartum period. No adverse event occurred with ICS intervention. Conclusion ICS is an effective and safe intervention for patients with a high risk of PPH during elective or emergency Cesarean section. It can effectively clear tissue factors and alpha-fetoprotein but not fetal hemoglobin.

Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Abstract: Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model [presentation]

Abstract: Abstract A two-dimensional version of the Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model has been applied to Winter Monsoon Experiment data in order to simulate the diurnally occurring convection observed over the South China Sea. The domain includes a representation of part of Borneo as well as the sea so that the model can simulate the initiation of convection. Also included in the model are parameterizations of mesoscale ice phase and moisture processes and longwave and shortwave radiation with a diurnal cycle. This allows use of the model to test the relative importance of various heating mechanisms to the stratiform cloud deck, which typically occupies several hundred kilometers of the domain. Frank and Cohen's cumulus parameterization scheme is employed to represent vital unresolved vertical transports in the convective area. The major conclusions are: Ice phase processes are important in determining the level of maximum large-scale heating and vertical motion because there is a strong anvil componen...

Carbon quantum dots and their applications

Abstract: Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.