Promoting the development of green technologies and replacing fossil fuel vehicles with electric ones can abate the environmental anxieties and issues associated with energy supply security. The increasing demand for electric vehicles requires an upgrade and expansion of the available charging infrastructure to accommodate the fast public adoption of this type of transportation. Ethiopia set a pro-electric cars policy and made them excise-free even before the first electric vehicle charging stations were launched by Marathon Motors Engineering in 2021. This paper presents the first ever technical, economic and environmental evaluation of electric vehicle charging stations powered by hybrid intermittent generation systems in three cities in Ethiopia. This paper tests this model using three different battery types: Lead-acid (LA), Flow-Zince-Bromine (ZnBr) and Lithium-ion (LI), used individually. Using these three battery technologies, the proposed hybrid systems are then compared in terms of system sizing, economy, technical performance and environmental stability. The results show that the feasible configuration of Solar Photovoltaic (PV)/Diesel Generator (DG)/ZnBr battery systems provide the lowest net present cost (NPC), with values of $2.97M, $2.72M and $2.85M, and cost of energy (COE), with values $0.196, $0.18 and $0.188, in Addis Ababa, Jijiga and Bahir Dar, respectively. Of all feasible systems, the Wind Turbine (WT)/PV/LI, PV/LI and WT/PV/LI configurations have the highest values of NPC and COE in Addis Ababa, Jijiga and Bahir Dar. Using this configuration, the results demonstrate that ZnBr battery is the most favorable choice because the economic parameters, including total NPC and COE, are found to be lowest.

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Feasibility and Techno-Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging of PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System with Different Battery Technology

This paper analyzes the adoption of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a high-rise building owned by a public institution in Nigeria. The analysis is based on the comparison between the use of a single criterion and multiple criteria in the selection of the most feasible energy system. The proposed HRES comprises of a wind turbine, diesel generator, photovoltaic (PV), and battery storage system. Hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) software was used to design the HRES for a case study (based on a single criterion-total net present cost), while Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method was used to evaluate the effect of choosing an optimal system based on multiple criteria. Based on the simulations conducted with HOMER, eight feasible HRES (ES1-ES8) were identified. When the feasible HRES were ranked based on total (NPC), the optimal configuration comprises 70 kW PV modules, 20 kW diesel generating set, 40 kW converter, and 70, 3000 Ah batteries. The results obtained from the optimization process were subjected to a multi-criteria analysis based on sustainability principles. The ranking of the first two systems (ES1 and ES2) returned by single criterion (total NPC) remained the same, while changes were observed in the ranks of the remaining systems (ES3–ES8). This modular feasibility study shows that it would be economical to power the entire university using HRES. It is expected that this study would help the university communities and other stakeholders make informed decision during the planning stage of similar projects.

Assessing the use of hybrid renewable energy system with battery storage for power generation in a University in Nigeria

Modeling and optimization of a stand-alone desalination plant powered by solar/wind energies based on back-up systems using a hybrid algorithm

Techno-economic evaluation of electric vehicle charging stations based on hybrid renewable energy in China

Technical-environmental-economic evaluation of biomass-based hybrid power system with energy storage for rural electrification

Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of grid-connected and off-grid hybrid intermittent power generation systems: A case study of a mild humid subtropical climate zone in China

Lei Zhang

Papers

Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of grid-connected and off-grid hybrid intermittent power generation systems: A case study of a mild humid subtropical climate zone in China