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Leo W. Hollberg

Bio: Leo W. Hollberg is an academic researcher from Stanford University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Laser & Atomic clock. The author has an hindex of 65, co-authored 401 publications receiving 19852 citations. Previous affiliations of Leo W. Hollberg include École Normale Supérieure & Bell Labs.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
R. E. Slusher1, Leo W. Hollberg1, Bernard Yurke1, Jerome Mertz1, J. F. Valley1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a balanced homodyne detector was used to measure the optical noise in the cavity, comprised of primarily vacuum fluctuations and a small component of spontaneous emission from the pumped Na atoms.
Abstract: Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field have been generated by nondegenerate four-wave mixing due to Na atoms in an optical cavity. The optical noise in the cavity, comprised of primarily vacuum fluctuations and a small component of spontaneous emission from the pumped Na atoms, is amplified in one quadrature of the optical field and deamplified in the other quadrature. These quadrature components are measured with a balanced homodyne detector. The total noise level in the deamplified quadrature drops below the vacuum noise level.

1,315 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field have been generated by nondegenerate four-wave mixing due to Na atoms in an optical cavity by measuring the total noise level in the deamplified quadrature below the vacuum noise level.
Abstract: Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field have been generated by nondegenerate four-wave mixing due to Na atoms in an optical cavity. The optical noise in the cavity, comprised of primarily vacuum fluctuations and a small component of spontaneous emission from the pumped Na atoms, is amplified in one quadrature of the optical field and deamplified in the other quadrature. These quadrature components are measured with a balanced homodyne detector. The total noise level in the deamplified quadrature drops below the vacuum noise level.

1,217 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, small group velocities of order 90 m/s and large group delays of greater than 0.26 ms were observed in an optically dense hot rubidium gas ( $\ensuremath{\approx}360\mathrm{K}$).
Abstract: We report the observation of small group velocities of order 90 m/s and large group delays of greater than 0.26 ms, in an optically dense hot rubidium gas ( $\ensuremath{\approx}360\mathrm{K}$). Media of this kind yield strong nonlinear interactions between very weak optical fields and very sharp spectral features. The result is in agreement with previous studies on nonlinear spectroscopy of dense coherent media.

1,042 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the use of diode lasers in atomic physics with an extensive list of references can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the relevant characteristics of dioder lasers and explain how to purchase and use them.
Abstract: We present a review of the use of diode lasers in atomic physics with an extensive list of references. We discuss the relevant characteristics of diode lasers and explain how to purchase and use them. We also review the various techniques that have been used to control and narrow the spectral outputs of diode lasers. Finally we present a number of examples illustrating the use of diode lasers in atomic physics experiments.

843 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Steven Chu1, Leo W. Hollberg1, John E. Bjorkholm1, Alex E. Cable1, Arthur Ashkin1 
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of atoms with laser light is reported, in which the atoms are localized in a 0.2 cm volume for a time in excess of 0.1 second and cooled to a temperature of T = 2.4 × 10−4K.
Abstract: The scattering force due to resonance radiation pressure was first detected by Frisch in 1933.[1] Later, Ashkin[2] pointed out that laser light can exert a substantial force suitable for the optical manipulation of atoms, and numerous proposals to cool and trap neutral atoms with laser light.[3] Atoms in an atomic beam have been stopped by light,[4] in which the final velocity spread corresponds to a temperature of 50−100 mK. We report here the confinement and cooling of atoms with laser light, in which the atoms are localized in a 0.2 cm volume for a time in excess of 0.1 second and cooled to a temperature of T = 2.4 × 10−4K.[5]

789 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments.
Abstract: Coherent preparation by laser light of quantum states of atoms and molecules can lead to quantum interference in the amplitudes of optical transitions. In this way the optical properties of a medium can be dramatically modified, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects, which have placed gas-phase systems at the center of recent advances in the development of media with radically new optical properties. This article reviews these advances and the new possibilities they offer for nonlinear optics and quantum information science. As a basis for the theory of electromagnetically induced transparency the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser. They then discuss pulse propagation and the adiabatic evolution of field-coupled states and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments. The extension of these concepts to very weak optical fields in the few-photon limit is then examined. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects and potential new applications.

4,218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The field of cavity optomechanics explores the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and nano-or micromechanical motion as mentioned in this paper, which explores the interactions between optical cavities and mechanical resonators.
Abstract: We review the field of cavity optomechanics, which explores the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and nano- or micromechanical motion This review covers the basics of optical cavities and mechanical resonators, their mutual optomechanical interaction mediated by the radiation pressure force, the large variety of experimental systems which exhibit this interaction, optical measurements of mechanical motion, dynamical backaction amplification and cooling, nonlinear dynamics, multimode optomechanics, and proposals for future cavity quantum optomechanics experiments In addition, we describe the perspectives for fundamental quantum physics and for possible applications of optomechanical devices

4,031 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging.
Abstract: The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed and updated. Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eotvos experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.

3,394 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Oct 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime.
Abstract: A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

3,361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electromagnetic induced transparency is a technique for eliminating the effect of a medium on a propagating beam of electromagnetic radiation EIT may also be used, but under more limited conditions, to eliminate optical self-focusing and defocusing and to improve the transmission of laser beams through inhomogeneous refracting gases and metal vapors, as figure 1 illustrates.
Abstract: Electromagnetically induced transparency is a technique for eliminating the effect of a medium on a propagating beam of electromagnetic radiation EIT may also be used, but under more limited conditions, to eliminate optical self‐focusing and defocusing and to improve the transmission of laser beams through inhomogeneous refracting gases and metal vapors, as figure 1 illustrates The technique may be used to create large populations of coherently driven uniformly phased atoms, thereby making possible new types of optoelectronic devices

3,269 citations