1. Plant Nutrients. 2. The Soil as a Plant Nutrient Medium. 3. Nutrient Uptake and Assimilation. 4. Plant Water Relationships. 5. Plant Growth and Crop Production. 6. Fertilizer Application. 7. Nitrogen. 8. Sulphur. 9. Phosphorus. 10. Potassium. 11. Calcium. 12. Magnesium. 13. Iron. 14. Manganese. 15. Zinc. 16. Copper. 17. Molybdenum. 18. Boron. 19. Further Elements of Importance. 20. Elements with More Toxic Effects. General Readings. References. Index.

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Principles of plant nutrition

QUITE apart from the academic consideration that vital and medical statistics now form an obligatory part of the education of students seeking the University of London's diploma in public health, the demand for information about the methods of vital and medical statistics is increasing. The most casual reader of the newspapers is now aware that population problems are of serious practical importance and that the publications of the General Register Office cannot be ignored. It is scarcely an exaggeration to say that the recently issued preliminary report on the census of 1931 is one of the most sensational documents which has appeared for years, and that he who reads it intelligently will understand what is meant by saying that civilisation is in the melting pot. An Introduction to Medical Statistics. By Hilda M. Woods William T. Russell. Pp. x + 125. (London: P. S. King and Son, Ltd., 1931.) 7s. 6d.

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An Introduction to Medical Statistics

I. Introduction II. Maternal Physiology and Pathophysiology During Pregnancy A. Maternal adaptive goals during pregnancy B. Mineral ions and calcitropic hormones C. Intestinal absorption of calcium D. Renal handling of calcium E. Skeletal calcium metabolism F. Primary hyperparathyroidism G. Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypopara- thyroidism H. Summary III. Fetal-Placental Physiology and Pathophysiology A. Fetal adaptive goals B. Mineral ions and calcitropic hormones C. Fetal-placental calcium transport D. Renal handling of calcium and the amniotic fluid E. Skeletal calcium metabolism F. Fetal response to maternal hyper- or hypoparathy-roidism G. Integrated fetal calcium homeostasis H. Summary IV. Maternal Physiology and Pathophysiology During Lactation A. Maternal adaptive goals during lactation B. Mineral ions and calcitropic hormones C. Intestinal absorption of calcium D. Renal handling of calcium E. Skeletal calcium metabolism F. Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathy- roidism G. Summary V. Neonatal P...

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Maternal-fetal calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy, puerperium, and lactation.

Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentrations in a number of parts of the world where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of Fluoride in Drinking Water is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer review by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-water will be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking-water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, and development workers and consultants. Contents Introduction Environmental occurrence, geochemistry and exposure Human health effects Guidelines and standards Removal of excessive fluoride Analytical methods Country data on dental and skeletal fluorosis associated with exposure to fluoride through drinking water Appendix: Indices of severity of dental fluorosis

Fluoride in Drinking-Water

The processes of bone resorption and formation are tightly governed by a variety of systemic and local regulatory agents. In addition, minerals and trace elements affect bone formation and resorption through direct or indirect effects on bone cells or bone mineral. Some trace elements closely chemically related to calcium, such as strontium (Sr), have pharmacological effects on bone when present at levels higher than those required for normal cell physiology. Indeed, strontium was found to exert several effects on bone cells. In addition to its antiresorptive activity, strontium was found to have anabolic activity in bone, and this may have significant beneficial effects on bone balance in normal and osteopenic animals. Accordingly, strontium has been thought to have potential interest in the treatment of osteoporosis. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action of strontium on bone cells, the evidence for its beneficial effects on bone mass in vivo, and its potential therapeutic effects in osteopenic disorders.

Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of strontium in bone

A comparison of methods used in root canal sealability studies

Determination of fluoride in bone with the fluoride electrode.

The principle of fluoride determination by diffusion of hydrogen fluoride in Conway-type cells made of polypropylene has been applied to the determination of fluoride in plasma, liver, muscle, calcified tissues, urine, and saliva. Methods for preparation of the low fluoride containing biological specimens by precipitation of proteins with perchloric acid and analysis of the supernatant liquid are described. The results of fluoride analyses by diffusion compare well with those obtained by microdistillation. The diffusion method for fluoride analysis is more simple than distillation procedures.

Determination of fluoride procedure based upon diffusion of hydrogen fluoride

One mg fluoride labeled with radiofluoride was ingested by each of 2 adult humans. Observations of renal clearance of fluoride, chlonide, and creatinine were made. Fluoride clearance always exceeded chloride clearance by many fold and increased with urine flow, but fluoride clearance was always less than creatinine clearance. Renal tubules in 2 individuals, reabsorbed respectively 5l and 63% of fluoride in the glomerular filtrate which indicates a net process of glomerular filtration with a variable amount of tubular reabsorption. Plasma contnined 72% of whole blood radiofluoride and radiofluoride concentration of plasma exceeded that of parotid gland saliva. Measurement of uptake and release of the radioisotope by soft tissues and by the skeleton showed characteristic differences of radiofluoride retention in these tissues. Skeletal tissues retained the isotope but soft tissues lost nearly all their activity within 4 hours after ingestion. (auth)

Leon Singer

Papers

A comparison of methods used in root canal sealability studies

Determination of fluoride in bone with the fluoride electrode.

Determination of fluoride procedure based upon diffusion of hydrogen fluoride

Distribution and excretion of radiofluoride in the human.

Determination of Fluoride in Blood Serum