The hallmarks of cancer.

Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages. After undifferentiated proliferation in vitro for 4 to 5 months, these cells still maintained the developmental potential to form trophoblast and derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers, including gut epithelium (endoderm); cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, and striated muscle (mesoderm); and neural epithelium, embryonic ganglia, and stratified squamous epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human developmental biology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine.

Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts

https://staff.blog.ui.ac.id/hsuryadi/files/2012/02/ROS_RNS.pdf

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease

http://www.klinikaikozpont.u-szeged.hu/pedia/images/pdf/CME_TEL/Full-Text/25.pdf

The Hallmarks of Aging

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.

The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains

Forecasts of life expectancy are an important component of public policy that influence age-based entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Although the Social Security Administration recently raised its estimates of how long Americans are going to live in the 21st century, current trends in obesity in the United States suggest that these estimates may not be accurate. From our analysis of the effect of obesity on longevity, we conclude that the steady rise in life expectancy during the past two centuries may soon come to an end.

http://sjayolshansky.com/sjo/Background_files/NEJM2005final.pdf

A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century

Recent volunteer and controlled epidemiologic field studies have provided evidence which firmly associates the agent first recovered by Eaton in 1944 with lower respiratory tract illness of man.1-3 A serologic response to the Eaton agent occurs in approximately 90 per cent of pneumonia illnesses in which cold agglutinins develop during convalescence as well as in a significant but variable proportion of cold agglutinin-negative pneumonias.2 4 The development of pneumonia and other forms of respiratory disease following the administration of tissue culture-grown Eaton agent to volunteers and the demonstration that naturally acquired antibody offered protection against such illness supports the contention that the agent is a respiratory tract pathogen.5 For many years, the agent was tentatively classified as a virus. The large size of the agent (180-250 m,i) and its sensitivity to streptomycin and various tetracycline derivatives, however, posed some difficulty with such a classification.6-8 Recently, Marmion and Goodburn were able to visualize small cocco-bacillary bodies on the mucous layer covering the bronchial epithelium of the Eaton agent infected chick embryo.9 The distribution of these bodies corresponded with the localization of Eaton agent as visualized by the fluorescent antibody technique. These workers also demonstrated that the Eaton agent was inhibited by an organic gold salt. Clyde visualized extracellular "colony-like" structures in stained preparations of infected tissue culture; these structures corresponded with the areas of specific immunofluorescence.U? Both groups of workers suggested the possibility that the Eaton agent may be a "pleuropneumonia-like organism" (PPLO) rather than a virus. Cultivation of the organism in cell-free media, however, was not achieved. T

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/48/1/41.full.pdf

Leonard Hayflick

Papers

The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.

The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains

A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century

Growth on artificial medium of an agent associated with atypical pneumonia and its identification as a pplo

Tissue cultures and mycoplasmas.