Due to their excellent magnetic properties, amorphous metallic alloys (AMAs) are considered for the construction of magnetic cores of radio-frequency cavities in accelerators. Here, they might be exposed to ion bombardment. The influence of irradiation by both light and heavy ions featuring low and high energies, respectively, is followed by the techniques of 57Fe Mossbauer spectrometry. Modifications of surface layers in selected Fe-containing AMAs after ion irradiation are unveiled by detection of conversion electrons and photons of characteristic radiation whereas those in their bulk are derived from standard transmission spectra. Rearrangement of microstructure which favors the formation of magnetically active regions, is observed in surface regions bombarded by light ions. Heavy ions caused pronounced effects in the orientation of net magnetization of the irradiated samples. No measurable impact upon short-range order arrangement was observed. Part I of this paper is devoted to radiation effects in Fe-based AMAs induced by neutron irradiation.

Radiation Effects in Amorphous Metallic Alloys as Revealed by Mössbauer Spectrometry: Part II. Ion Irradiation

Amorphous zero-valent iron (AZVI) has attracted wide attention due to its high-efficiency reduction ability. However, the effect of different EDA/Fe(II) molar ratios on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized AZVI requires further investigation. Herein, series of AZVI samples were prepared by changing the molar ratio of EDA/Fe(II) to 1/1 (AZVI@1), 2/1 (AZVI@2), 3/1 (AZVI@3), and 4/1 (AZVI@4). When the EDA/Fe(II) ratio increased from 0/1 to 3/1, the Fe0 proportion on the AZVI surface increased from 26.0 to 35.2% and the reducing ability was enhanced. As for AZVI@4, the surface was severely oxidized to form a large amount of Fe3O4, and the Fe0 content was only 74.0%. Moreover, the removal ability of Cr(VI) was in the order AZVI@3 > AZVI@2 > AZVI@1 > AZVI@4. The isothermal titration calorimetry results revealed that the increase of the molar ratio of EDA/Fe(II) would lead to the stronger complexation of EDA with Fe(II), which resulted in the gradual decrease of the yield of AZVI@1 to AZVI@4 and the gradual deterioration of water pollution after the synthesis. Therefore, based on the evaluation of all indicators, AZVI@2 was the optimal material, not only because its yield was as high as 88.7% and the secondary water pollution level was low, but most importantly, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by AZVI@2 was excellent. Furthermore, the actual Cr(VI) wastewater with the concentration of 14.80 mg/L was treated with AZVI@2, and the removal rate of 97.0% was achieved after only a 30 min reaction. This work clarified the effect of different ratios of EDA/Fe(II) on the physicochemical properties of AZVI, which provided insights for guiding the reasonable synthesis of AZVI and is also conducive to investigating the reaction mechanism of AZVI in Cr(VI) remediation.

Fabricating Amorphous Zero-Valent Iron for Cr(VI) Efficient Reduction: Unveiling the Effect of Ethylenediamine on Physicochemical Properties.

In this review, two interrelated areas are focused on for the development of novel amorphous metallic alloys, namely, materials processing and machine learning techniques for the design of new alloy compositions. Findings, barriers, and opportunities are described, targeting powder production and sintering, additive manufacturing, and postprocessing techniques, followed by the latest developments in artificial intelligence algorithms for both the design of new alloys and for alloy classification tasks.

Latest Advances in Manufacturing and Machine Learning of Bulk Metallic Glasses

Crystallization process, microstructure, thermal behavior, and magnetic properties of melt-spun Fe86Cr6P6C2 ribbons

Mapping the Knowledge Domains of Research on Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron in Remediation of Contaminated Soil: a Scientometric Study

https://www.techscience.com/jrm/v10n4/45340/pdf

Rapid Immobilization of Transferable Ni in Soil by Fe78Si9B13 Amorphous Zero-Valent Iron

https://www.techscience.com/jrm/v10n4/45347/pdf

Application of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

The Fe-based amorphous alloy (Fe78Si9B13AP) is applied to the remediation of copper contaminated soil for the first time. The dynamic process of conversion of movable Cu to immobilized forms in the soil system is analyzed. In addition, the dynamic process of form transformation of Cu2+ ions in the soil system is analyzed. The morphology and phase composition of the reaction products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Finally, the feasibility of recovering residual stabilizer particles and attached immobilized copper by the magnetic separation process is discussed. The results show that the apparent reaction rate constant of Fe79Si9B13AP with Cu2+ ions is higher than that of zero valent iron (ZVI) at all the experimental temperatures. According to the Arrhenius formula, the apparent activation energy of the reaction of Fe78Si9B13AP and ZVI with Cu2+ ions is 13.24 and 19.02 kJ/mol, respectively, which is controlled by the diffusion process. The lower apparent activation energy is one of the important reasons for the high reaction activity of Fe78Si9B13AP. After 7 days of reaction, a continuous extraction of the experimental soil shows that the main form of copper in the immobilized soil is Cu and copper combined with iron (hydroxide) oxide, and there is almost no soluble copper with a strong mobility, which effectively reduced the bioavailability of copper in the soil. The magnetic separation results of the treated soil show that the recovery rates of immobilized copper in Fe78Si9B13AP and soil are 47.23% and 21.56%, respectively, which reduced the content of iron and copper in the soil to a certain extent. The above experimental results show that Fe78Si9B13AP is a promising new material for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils, and provides more new references for the application of amorphous alloys in the field of remediation of water and soil contaminated by heavy metals and organic matter.

Liefei Pei

Papers

Rapid Immobilization of Transferable Ni in Soil by Fe78Si9B13 Amorphous Zero-Valent Iron

Application of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Reduction and Immobilization of Movable Cu2+ Ions in Soils by Fe78Si9B13 Amorphous Alloy