Lijo Francis

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art in present seawater desalination practice, emphasizing membrane-based technologies, was explored, while identifying future opportunities in step improvements to conventional technologies and development of emerging, potentially disruptive, technologies through advances in material science, process engineering, and system integration.

TL;DR: In this paper, a material gap membrane distillation (MGMD) module was proposed for seawater desalination and successfully tested and an increase in the water vapor flux of about 200-800% was observed by filling the gap with sand and DI water at various feed water temperatures.

TL;DR: In this article, a 1-dimensional air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) model for flat sheet type modules has been developed, which is based on mathematical equations that describe the heat and mass transfer mechanisms of a single-stage AGMD process.

TL;DR: In this article, the flux performance of different hydrophobic microporous flat sheet commercial membranes made of poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and poly propylene (PP) was tested for Red Sea water desalination using the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process, under bench scale (high ΔT) and large scale module (low ΔT).

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of temperature polarization on water vapor flux in VMD has been investigated from a theoretical point of view and a simple graphical method and a mathematical model for determining VMD flux flux are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the important and interesting recent developments in Membrane Distillation from the perspectives of membrane fabrication, heat and mass transport phenomenon, nontraditional fouling, module fabrication and applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of polymeric membrane fabrication techniques for pressure driven membrane processes and membrane distillation is discussed, the fabrication technique, properties of the fabricated membranes and performance in water desalination are related.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of different fouling mechanisms in the membrane distillation process, their possible mitigation and control techniques, and characterization strategies that can be of help in understanding and minimizing the fouling problem.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review on the preparation and application of electrospun nanofiber membranes as the barrier layer for water treatment, with emphasis on the reinforcement and post-treatment of electro-spun polymer membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the recent advances in Membrane distillation and provide perspectives for its future R&D, including membrane materials, module configurations, process applications and hybrid systems.