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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Solitons are stable localized wave packets that can propagate long distance in dispersive media without changing their shapes. As particle-like nonlinear localized waves, solitons have been investigated in different physical systems. Owing to potential applications in optical communication and optical signal processing systems, optical solitons have attracted intense interest in the past three decades. To experimentally study the formation and dynamics of temporal optical solitons, fiber lasers are considered as a wonderful nonlinear system. During the last decade, several kinds of theoretically predicted solitons were observed experimentally in fiber lasers. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the experimentally verified optical solitons in fiber lasers, including bright solitons, dark solitons, vector solitons, dissipative solitons, dispersion-managed solitons, polarization domain wall solitons, and so on. An outlook for the development on the solitons in fiber lasers is also provided and discussed.

/pdf/recent-progress-of-study-on-optical-solitons-in-fiber-lasers-7k1woseiul.pdf

Recent progress of study on optical solitons in fiber lasers

Nowadays synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems with the capability to radiate waves in more than one pattern and polarization are playing a key role in modern telecommunication and radar systems. This is possible with the use of antenna arrays as they offer advantages of high gain and beamforming capability, which can be utilized for controlling radiation pattern for electromagnetic (EM) interference immunity in wireless systems. However, with the growing demand for compact array antennas, the physical footprint of the arrays needs to be smaller and the consequent of this is severe degradation in the performance of the array resulting from strong mutual-coupling and crosstalk effects between adjacent radiating elements. This review presents a detailed systematic and theoretical study of various mutual-coupling suppression (decoupling) techniques with a strong focus on metamaterial (MTM) and metasurface (MTS) approaches. While the performance of systems employing antenna arrays can be enhanced by calibrating out the interferences digitally, however it is more efficient to apply decoupling techniques at the antenna itself. Previously various simple and cost-effective approaches have been demonstrated to effectively suppress unwanted mutual-coupling in arrays. Such techniques include the use of defected ground structure (DGS), parasitic or slot element, dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR), decoupling networks, P.I.N or varactor diodes, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, etc. In this review, it is shown that the mutual-coupling reduction methods inspired By MTM and MTS concepts can provide a higher level of isolation between neighbouring radiating elements using easily realizable and cost-effective decoupling configurations that have negligible consequence on the array’s characteristics such as bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency, and physical footprint.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-survey-on-various-decoupling-mechanisms-with-8ltuxavmy7.pdf

A Comprehensive Survey on “Various Decoupling Mechanisms With Focus on Metamaterial and Metasurface Principles Applicable to SAR and MIMO Antenna Systems”

In recent years, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas with the ability to radiate waves in more than one pattern and polarization play a great role in modern telecommunication systems. This paper provides a theoretical review of different mutual coupling reduction techniques in MIMO antenna systems. The increase in the mutual coupling can affect the antenna characteristics drastically and therefore degrades the performance of the MIMO systems. It is possible to improve the performance partially by calibrating the mutual coupling in the digital domain. However, the simple and effective approach is to use the techniques, such as defected ground structure, parasitic or slot element, complementary split ring resonator, and decoupling networks which can overcome the mutual coupling effects by means of physical implementation. An extensive discussion on the basis of different mutual coupling reduction techniques, their examples, and comparative study is still rare in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, different MIMO antenna design techniques and all of their mutual coupling reduction techniques through various structures and mechanisms are presented with multiple examples and characteristics comparison.

/pdf/study-on-mutual-coupling-reduction-technique-for-mimo-529ha50g6v.pdf

Study on Mutual Coupling Reduction Technique for MIMO Antennas

An Enhanced Fast Non-Dominated Solution Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Problems

This paper presents a novel fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) to reduce mutual coupling between coplanar spaced microstrip antenna elements. The structure of the proposed FDGS is studied. Bandgap characteristic of second and third iterative FDGS is achieved. The second and third iterative FDGSs are used to reduce mutual coupling between microstrip antenna elements. Mutual coupling reduction performance of third iterative FDGS is better than that of second iterative FDGS. And dimension of FDGS can be decreased by using higher level iterative FDGS. The third iterative FDGS is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results both show that more than 35-dB mutual coupling reduction is obtained by using the third iterative FDGS. Moreover, the envelope correlation of antenna elements with FDGS is quite smaller than that of antenna elements without FDGS.

Mutual Coupling Reduction by Novel Fractal Defected Ground Structure Bandgap Filter

A novel S-shaped periodic defected ground structure (PDGS) is proposed to reduce mutual coupling between antenna elements. Coplanar placed antenna elements work at the same frequency band with centre frequency 2.57 GHz. Centre-to-centre distance between the antenna elements is 50 mm which is ~0.43λ. The PDGS is three S-shaped defected ground structure units placed between microstrip antenna elements. By using the proposed PDGS, more than 40 dB mutual coupling reduction between microstrip antenna elements is achieved.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/el.2016.0667

S-shaped periodic defected ground structures to reduce microstrip antenna array mutual coupling

Wireless body area networks (WBANs), as an important part of the Internet of things and sensor networks, are becoming more important in health monitoring and entertainment services The sensor nodes in these applications need to transmit information data to personal station and receive control information from personal station to adjust working modes However, unlike an easily rechargeable personal station, body sensor nodes suffer from energy shortages, which affect the nodes lifetimes To solve this problem, we design a novel medium access control (MAC) layer protocol to enhance the energy efficiency and extend the lifetime of body sensor nodes in WBANs The proposed protocol utilizes a hybrid scheme by taking advantage of carrier-sense multiple accesses with the collision avoidance and time division multiple access schemes In addition, we allocate the main transmission overhead at the personal station side and design a novel awaiting order state for sensor nodes to improve energy efficiency Also, the analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can provide a 6 to 15 decrease in energy consumption from other protocols

Wireless Body Area Networks MAC Protocol For Energy Efficiency and Extending Lifetime

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is a major issue in accurate remote sensing by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, which poses a great hindrance to raw data collection, image formation, and subsequent interpretation process. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the RFI mitigation techniques applicable for an SAR system. From the view of spectrum allocation, possible terrestrial and spaceborne RFI sources to SAR system and their geometry are analyzed. Typical signal models for various RFI types are provided, together with many illustrative examples from real measured data. Then, advanced signal processing techniques for removing RFI are reviewed. Advantages and drawbacks of each approach are discussed in terms of their applicability. Discussion on the future trends are provided from the perspective of cognitive, integrated, and adaptive. This review serves as a reference for future work on the implementation of the most suitable RFI mitigation scheme for an air-borne or space-borne SAR system.

Mitigation of Radio Frequency Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Current Status and Future Trends

In this paper, a frequency diverse array-based directional modulation with artificial noise synthesis scheme is proposed to enhance the physical layer security of wireless communications. We aim to optimize the secrecy performance by jointly optimizing the frequency offsets, the beamforming vector, and the artificial-noise projection matrix (ANPM). Specifically, we address the physical layer security problems for known locations of proximal eavesdropper (Eve) and legitimate user (LU). The beamforming vector and frequency offsets are designed to preserve the signal power at LU. The ANPM is calculated to minimize the effect of AN on LU. Furthermore, we extend our approach to the case of multi-LUs with unknown Eve locations. Being different from the case of a single LU, the frequency offsets across array antennas are optimized to equally allocate transmitted power to each LU. The numerical results show that the proposed method can provide a higher secrecy performance than conventional DM methods. In the case of multi-LUs with unknown Eve locations, the proposed method can provide a high secrecy capacity while achieving almost equal achievable capacity to each LU.

Ling Wang

Papers

Mutual Coupling Reduction by Novel Fractal Defected Ground Structure Bandgap Filter

S-shaped periodic defected ground structures to reduce microstrip antenna array mutual coupling

Wireless Body Area Networks MAC Protocol For Energy Efficiency and Extending Lifetime

Mitigation of Radio Frequency Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Current Status and Future Trends

Multi-Beam Directional Modulation Synthesis Scheme Based on Frequency Diverse Array