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Liu Lei

Bio: Liu Lei is an academic researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Body mass index & Overweight. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 141 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first study showing that obesity, especially in men, significantly increases the risk of developing severe pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, and clinicians should maintain a high level of attention in obese patients.
Abstract: Background: Patients with obesity are at increased risk of exacerbations from viral respiratory infections. However, the association of obesity with severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. We hereby examined this association using data from the only referral hospital in Shenzhen, China. Methods: 383 COVID-19 patients admitted from 11 January to 16 February 2020 in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, China were included. Underweight was defined by body mass index (BMI) lower than 18·5 kg/m2, normal weight by 18·5-23·9 kg/m2 , overweight by 24·0- 27·9 kg/m2 and obesity as ≥28 kg/m2. Findings: Of them, 53·1% were normal weight, 4·2% were underweight, 32·0% were overweight, and 10·7% were obese. Patients with obesity, versus without, were tended to have cough (P=0·03) and fever (P=0·06). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to normal weight, overweight showed 86% higher, and obesity group showed 2·42-fold higher odds of developing severe pneumonia. Despite a non-significant sex interaction was found (P=0·09), the association appeared to be more pronounced in men than in women. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for severe pneumonia in overweight and obesity was 1·96 (0·78-4·98) and 5·70 (1·83-17·76) in men, and 1·51 (0·57-4·01) and 0·71 (0·07-7·3) in women, respectively. Interpretation: This is the first study showing that obesity, especially in men, significantly increases the risk of developing severe pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. As the 2019n-Cov may continue to spread worldwide, clinicians should maintain a high level of attention in obese patients. Obese patients should be carefully managed with prompt and aggressive treatment. Funding Statement: Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201412003, SZSM201512005) and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundations, Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Project (202002073000001). Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen (2020 108). All patients provided signed informed consent at admission.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical characteristics of inpatients in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU cases with COVID-19 and the features of heart injury were described emphatically, and it is certain that the infection of new coronavirus can lead to heart damage.
Abstract: Background: In December 2019, a cluster of acute respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, now known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), occurred in Wuhan

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patients with recurrent positive RT-PCR test results from clinically diagnosed recovery did not show recurrence of clinical symptoms, however, the semi quantitative score found further absorption of intrapulmonary inflammation.
Abstract: Background: Currently, a gradual increase in recurrent positive RT-PCR test results have been seen in clinically diagnosed recovered COVID-19 patients The purpo

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the metabolically healthy to metabolically unhealthy transition and its association with body size change patterns according to age was explored, and the body mass index (BMI)/waist circumference (WC)-value change was positively associated with metabolic deterioration; the association weakened with age.

2 citations

TL;DR: 0.8mg/kg iodine is the most suitable supplementation in the diet of Growing Rex rabbits(The measured value of iodine in basic diet was 0.92 mg).
Abstract: Iodine deficiency can reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones, leading to neurological and intellectual development disorders in fetuses and children. Iodine excess can inhibit the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones and induce and aggravate thyroid autoimmune injury. Therefore, maintaining iodine nutrition microenvironment is very important for improving animal health and promoting growth and development. In order to determine the optimum iodine level in feed, the effects of different iodine levels on the growth and production performance of Rex rabbits were studied by single factor design method. 200 healthy Rex Rabbits of 3 months old and similar physique were randomly divided into 5 groups (40 replicates in each group and 1 in each replicate). The experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg iodine (potassium iodide) respectively. The preliminary period is 7 days and the positive period is 53 days. During the experiment, routine feeding management and immunization procedures were adopted. Two feedings were given at 08:00 a.m. and 17:00 p.m. daily to ensure free feeding and drinking water, natural ventilation and daylighting. Test result: On the premise that the initial body weight (IBW) had no significant difference (P > 0.05), the final body weight (FBW) of 4 month old Rex rabbits was significantly affected by dietary iodine levels (P < 0.05), and the final body weight of Rex Rabbits reached the maximum value of 2.63 kg when the dietary iodine content was 0.8 mg/kg. Meanwhile, when 0.8 mg/kg iodine was added to the basic diet, the average daily intake (ADI) was significantly affected (P=0.0001). Dietary iodine supplementation significant effect on the hind leg muscle rate and muscle redness (P < 0.05), and had significant effect on the anterior leg muscle rate (P < 0.01). Dietary iodine supplementation with different amounts had significant effects on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tetraiodothyronine (T4) and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) in Growing Rex Rabbits (P < 0.01), and on triiodothyronine (T3) (P < 0.05). Dietary iodine levels had significant effects on Noggin mRNA expression in Growing Rex Rabbits (P < 0.05), but had no significant effects on versican ( ) Ver , Hepatocyte growth factor ( ) HGF , Alkaline phosphatase (ALP ) ( ) , Bone morphogenetic proteins BMP2 and ( ) BMP4 mRNA expression (P > 0.05). Different iodine content in diet can affect the feed intake and growth level of Rex rabbits. In conclusion, 0.8mg/kg iodine is the most suitable supplementation in the diet of Growing Rex rabbits(The measured value of iodine in basic diet was 0.92 mg).

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fecal microbiota alterations were associated with fecal levels of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity, and strategies to alter the intestinal microbiota might reduce disease severity.

961 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mechanistic pathways for individuals with obesity are presented in depth for factors linked with COVID‐19 risk, severity and their potential for diminished therapeutic and prophylactic treatments among these individuals.
Abstract: The linkage of individuals with obesity and COVID-19 is controversial and lacks systematic reviews. After a systematic search of the Chinese and English language literature on COVID-19, 75 studies were used to conduct a series of meta-analyses on the relationship of individuals with obesity-COVID-19 over the full spectrum from risk to mortality. A systematic review of the mechanistic pathways for COVID-19 and individuals with obesity is presented. Pooled analysis show individuals with obesity were more at risk for COVID-19 positive, >46.0% higher (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.30-1.65; p < 0.0001); for hospitalization, 113% higher (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.74-2.60; p < 0.0001); for ICU admission, 74% higher (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.46-2.08); and for mortality, 48% increase in deaths (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.22-1.80; p < 0.001). Mechanistic pathways for individuals with obesity are presented in depth for factors linked with COVID-19 risk, severity and their potential for diminished therapeutic and prophylactic treatments among these individuals. Individuals with obesity are linked with large significant increases in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There are many mechanisms that jointly explain this impact. A major concern is that vaccines will be less effective for the individuals with obesity.

747 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2021-Allergy
TL;DR: In this review, the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID‐19 are highlighted and socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes.
Abstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. Possible complications include acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders, thoromboembolism. The development of lymphopenia and eosinopenia are laboratory indicators of COVID-19. Laboratory parameters to monitor disease progression include lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and ferritin. The development of a cytokine storm and extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns are indicators of a severe disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes. In this review, we highlight the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID-19.

703 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a minority-predominant population, severe obesity, increasing age, and male sex were independently associated with higher in- hospital mortality and in general worse in-hospital outcomes.
Abstract: Background & aims New York is the current epicenter of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The underrepresented minorities, where the prevalence of obesity is higher, appear to be affected disproportionately. Our objectives were to assess the characteristics and early outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Bronx and investigate whether obesity is associated with worse outcomes independently from age, gender and other comorbidities. Methods This retrospective study included the first 200 patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with COVID-19. The electronic medical records were reviewed at least three weeks after admission. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results 200 patients were included (female sex: 102, African American: 102). The median BMI was 30 kg/m2. The median age was 64 years. Hypertension (76%), hyperlipidemia (46.2%), and diabetes (39.5%) were the three most common comorbidities. Fever (86%), cough (76.5%), and dyspnea (68%) were the three most common symptoms. 24% died during hospitalization (BMI Conclusions In this cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a minority-predominant population, severe obesity, increasing age, and male sex were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and in general worse in-hospital outcomes.

656 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary data suggest that people with obesity are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, but as data on metabolic parameters in patients with CO VID-19 are scarce, increased reporting is needed to improve understanding of the drug and the care of affected patients.
Abstract: Preliminary data suggest that people with obesity are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. However, as data on metabolic parameters (such as BMI and levels of glucose and insulin) in patients with COVID-19 are scarce, increased reporting is needed to improve our understanding of COVID-19 and the care of affected patients.

456 citations