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Lizhi Liu

Bio: Lizhi Liu is an academic researcher from Georgetown University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Externality & Valuation (finance). The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 4 publications receiving 52 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate the impact of the first nation-wide e-commerce expansion program on rural households and find that the gains are driven by a reduction in cost of living for a minority of rural households.
Abstract: This paper estimates the impact of the first nation-wide e-commerce expansion program on rural households. To do so, we combine a randomized control trial with new survey and administrative microdata. In contrast to existing case studies, we find little evidence for income gains to rural producers and workers. Instead, the gains are driven by a reduction in cost of living for a minority of rural households who tend to be younger, richer and in more remote markets. These effects are mainly due to overcoming logistical barriers to e-commerce, rather than to additional investments to adapt e-commerce to the rural population.

58 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine a new collection of survey and administrative microdata with a randomized control trial (RCT) that they implement across villages in collaboration with the e-commerce firm.
Abstract: The number of people buying and selling products online in China has grown from practically zero in 2000 to more than 400 million by 2015. Most of this growth has occurred in cities. In this context, the Chinese government recently announced the expansion of e-commerce to the countryside as a policy priority with the objective to close the rural-urban economic divide. As part of this agenda, the government entered a partnership with a large Chinese e-commerce firm. The program invests in the necessary logistics to ship products to and sell products from tens of thousands of villages that were largely unconnected to e-commerce trading. The firm also installs an e-commerce terminal at a central village location, where a terminal manager assists households in buying and selling products through the firm's e-commerce platform. This paper combines a new collection of survey and administrative microdata with a randomized control trial (RCT) that we implement across villages in collaboration with the e-commerce firm. We use this empirical setting to provide evidence on the potential of e-commerce integration to foster economic development in the countryside, the underlying channels and the distribution of the gains from e-commerce across households and villages.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Lizhi Liu1
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors explored various aspects of data politics through the lens of China's digital rise and the country's global engagement, showing that data differs from traditional strategic assets (e.g., land, oil, and labor), in that it is nonrival and partially excludable.
Abstract: Data has become one of the most valuable assets for governments and firms. Yet, we still have a limited understanding of how data reshapes international economic relations. This paper explores various aspects of data politics through the lens of China's digital rise and the country's global engagement. I start with the theoretical premise that data differs from traditional strategic assets (e.g., land, oil, and labor), in that it is nonrival and partially excludable. These characteristics have generated externality, commitment, and valuation problems, triggering three fundamental changes in China's external economic relations. First, data's externality problem makes it necessary for states to regulate data or even to pursue data sovereignty. However, clashes over data sovereignty can ignite conflicts between China and other countries. Second, the commitment problem in data use raises global concerns about foreign government surveillance. As data is easier to transfer across borders than physical commodities, Chinese tech companies' investments abroad are vulnerable to national security investigations by foreign regulators. Chinese tech companies, therefore, confront a "deep versus broad" dilemma: deep ties with the Chinese government help promote their domestic business but jeopardize their international expansion. Lastly, data's valuation problem makes traditional measures (e.g., GDP) ill-suited to measure the relative strengths of the world's economies, which may distort perceptions of China and other states.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Lizhi Liu1
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored various aspects of data politics through the lens of China's digital rise and the country's global engagement, showing that data differs from traditional strategic assets (e.g., land, oil, and labor), in that it is nonrival and partially excludable.
Abstract: Data has become one of the most valuable assets for governments and firms. Yet, we still have a limited understanding of how data reshapes international economic relations. This paper explores various aspects of data politics through the lens of China’s digital rise and the country’s global engagement. I start with the theoretical premise that data differs from traditional strategic assets (e.g., land, oil, and labor), in that it is nonrival and partially excludable. These characteristics have generated externality, commitment, and valuation problems, triggering three fundamental changes in China’s external economic relations. First, data’s externality problem makes it necessary for states to regulate data or even to pursue data sovereignty. However, clashes over data sovereignty can ignite conflicts between China and other countries. Second, the commitment problem in data use raises global concerns about foreign government surveillance. As data is easier to transfer across borders than physical commodities, Chinese tech companies’ investments abroad are vulnerable to national security investigations by foreign regulators. Chinese tech companies, therefore, confront a “deep versus broad” dilemma: deep ties with the Chinese government help promote their domestic business but jeopardize their international expansion. Lastly, data’s valuation problem makes traditional measures (e.g., GDP) ill-suited to measure the relative strengths of the world’s economies, which may distort perceptions of China and other states.

2 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors exploit the gradual arrival of submarine Internet cables on the coast and maps of the terrestrial cable network to show how fast Internet affects employment in Africa, and exploit the difference-in-difference (DI) measure.
Abstract: To show how fast Internet affects employment in Africa, we exploit the gradual arrival of submarine Internet cables on the coast and maps of the terrestrial cable network. Robust difference-in-diff ...

177 citations

01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (HLP) is a unique initiative of 14 serving heads of government committed to catalysing bold, pragmatic solutions for oceanhealth and wealth that support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and build a better future for people and the planet.
Abstract: Established in September 2018, the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (HLP) is a uniqueinitiative of 14 serving heads of government committed to catalysing bold, pragmatic solutions for oceanhealth and wealth that support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and build a better future for peopleand the planet. By working with governments, experts and stakeholders from around the world, the High LevelPanel aims to develop a roadmap for rapidly transitioning to a sustainable ocean economy, and to trigger,amplify and accelerate responsive action worldwide.

93 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed rural household data collected in the Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi provinces of China in 2019, utilizing an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model to address the self-selection bias issue.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper used principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the advancement level of the urban digital economy and employed the number of urban green patent applications to represent green innovation level.
Abstract: In the context of sustainable development, countries around the world shed more light on green innovation in their environmental policies, and the digital economy may take a vital part in improving green innovation. Predicted on the panel data of 278 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this research administrates the principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the advancement level of the urban digital economy and employs the number of urban green patent applications to represent green innovation level. Through the benchmark regression model, the mediating effect model, the spatial Durbin model, the dynamic threshold panel model, and the gradual difference-in-difference model, this paper explores the direct effect, indirect effect, spatial effect, nonlinear relationship, and policy effect of that digital economy has on green innovation. The development of the digital economy can improve green innovation levels in indirect ways, such as by boosting the degree of economic openness, optimizing the industrial structure, and expanding the market potential, and as economic openness, industrial structure, and market potential advance, the promotion intensity of digital economy on green innovation is becoming lower and lower. The development of green innovation has an obvious spatial spillover effect. Still, the enhancement of green innovation in more developed regions may inhibit green innovation in less developed regions due to talent flow and industrial transfer. Finally, the gradual difference-in-difference model founded on the ‘Broadband China’ pilot policy supplementarily verifies that digital economy enhancement can substantially advance urban green innovation.

65 citations