Author
Luca Sterpone
Other affiliations: Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Bio: Luca Sterpone is an academic researcher from Polytechnic University of Turin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fault injection & Field-programmable gate array. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 222 publications receiving 3125 citations. Previous affiliations of Luca Sterpone include Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: An analytical analysis of the fault masking capabilities of triple modular redundancy (TMR) hardening techniques in the presence of multiple cell upsets (MCUs) in the configuration memory of SRAM-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) finds that most of the failures affect configurable logic block's routing resources.
Abstract: In this paper we present an analytical analysis of the fault masking capabilities of triple modular redundancy (TMR) hardening techniques in the presence of multiple cell upsets (MCUs) in the configuration memory of SRAM-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The analytical method we developed allows an accurate study of the MCUs provoking domain crossing errors that defeat TMR. From our analysis we have found that most of the failures affect configurable logic block's routing resources. The experimental analysis has been performed on two realistic case study circuits. Experimental results are presented and discussed showing in particular that 2-bits MCUs may corrupt TMR 2.6 orders of magnitude more than single cell upsets (SCUs).
14 citations
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TL;DR: A hybrid approach is proposed, which combines ideas from previous techniques based on software transformations with the introduction of an Infrastructure IP with reduced memory and performance overheads, to harden system based on the PowerPC 405 core available in Virtex-II Pro FPGAs.
Abstract: Hardening processor-based systems against transient faults requires new techniques able to combine high fault detection capabilities with the usual design requirements, e.g., reduced design-time, low area overhead, reduced (or null) accessibility to processor internal hardware. This paper proposes the adoption of a hybrid approach, which combines ideas from previous techniques based on software transformations with the introduction of an Infrastructure IP with reduced memory and performance overheads, to harden system based on the PowerPC 405 core available in Virtex-II Pro FPGAs. The proposed approach targets faults affecting the memory elements storing both the code and the data, independently of their location (inside or outside the processor). Extensive experimental results including comparisons with previous approaches are reported, which allow practically evaluating the characteristics of the method in terms of fault detection capabilities and area, memory and performance overheads
13 citations
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TL;DR: This paper presents a novel approach for fast emulation of permanent faults in ASICs on state-of-the-art dynamically reconfigurable SRAM-based FPGAs while achieving fault model equivalence that leverages localized run-time in-place Look Up Table (LUT) reconfigurations to avoid the time-consuming bitstream generation process for every ASIC fault.
13 citations
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TL;DR: A 3-D-oriented simulation approach able to model the passage of heavy ion particles through the physical structures of modern digital circuits implemented with ultrananometric manufacturing processes and generates the transient voltage pulse in response to a heavy-ion track.
Abstract: Radiation-induced single-event transients (SETs) are the leading cause of mal-operations in CMOS nanometric integrated circuits. The increasing complexity of advanced CMOS digital circuits makes SET effects investigation a rising challenge. In this work, we propose a 3-D-oriented simulation approach able to model the passage of heavy ion particles through the physical structures of modern digital circuits implemented with ultrananometric manufacturing processes. The proposed approach is able to generate the transient voltage pulse in response to a heavy-ion track and identify the effects of the sensitive volume and contact structure. We present heavy-ion radiation test experiments performed on a 65-nm Flash-based CMOS technology process and, as proof-of-concept, we successfully compared the SET cross sections showing comparable results.
12 citations
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01 Sep 2007TL;DR: Experimental results show that the two tools for predicting the effects of soft errors in circuits implemented using SRAM-based FPGAs are complementary and can be used fruitfully for obtaining accurate predictions.
Abstract: As SRAM-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are introduced in safety- or mission-critical applications, the availability of suitable Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools for predicting systems dependability becomes mandatory for designers. Nowadays designers can opt either for workload-independent EDA tools, which provide information about system's dependability disregarding the workload the system is supposed to elaborate when deployed in the mission, or workload-dependent approaches. In this paper, we compare two tools for predicting the effects of soft errors in circuits implemented using SRAM-based FPGAs, a workload-independent one (STAR) and a workload-dependent one (FLIPPER). Experimental results show that the two tools are complementary and can be used fruitfully for obtaining accurate predictions.
12 citations
Cited by
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University of Helsinki1, Semmelweis University2, University of Szeged3, Hungarian Academy of Sciences4, University of Palermo5, University of Porto6, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto7, Autonomous University of Barcelona8, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular9, Ikerbasque10, Harvard University11, University of Duisburg-Essen12, Salk Institute for Biological Studies13, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg14, University of Colorado Denver15, Bilkent University16, Middle East Technical University17, University of Southern Denmark18, Statens Serum Institut19, Ghent University Hospital20, Oslo University Hospital21, University of Belgrade22, University of Ljubljana23, University of Mainz24, Finnish Red Cross25, University of Gothenburg26, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre27, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW28, University of Valencia29, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares30, University of Freiburg31, Utrecht University32, Trinity College, Dublin33, University of Barcelona34, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies35, International University Of Catalonia36, Aarhus University Hospital37
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs is provided, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia.
Abstract: In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the EV-mediated maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of physiological functions have remained less explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs, which has been written by crowd-sourcing, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia. This review is intended to be of relevance to both researchers already working on EV biology and to newcomers who will encounter this universal cell biological system. Therefore, here we address the molecular contents and functions of EVs in various tissues and body fluids from cell systems to organs. We also review the physiological mechanisms of EVs in bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants to highlight the functional uniformity of this emerging communication system.
3,690 citations
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TL;DR: Recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicle biology and the role of extrace cellular vesicles in disease is reviewed, emerging therapeutic opportunities are discussed and the associated challenges are considered.
Abstract: Within the past decade, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, being involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells in both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. In addition, pathophysiological roles for extracellular vesicles are beginning to be recognized in diseases including cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, both unmodified and engineered extracellular vesicles are likely to have applications in macromolecular drug delivery. Here, we review recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicle biology and the role of extracellular vesicles in disease, discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities and consider the associated challenges.
2,507 citations
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TL;DR: Emerging principles of miRNA regulation of stress signaling pathways are reviewed and applied to the authors' understanding of the roles of miRNAs in disease.
1,491 citations
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TL;DR: The results show that atheroprotective stimuli induce communication between endothelial cells and SMCs through an miRNA- and extracellular-vesicle-mediated mechanism and that this may comprise a promising strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
Abstract: The shear-responsive transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a critical regulator of endothelial gene expression patterns induced by atheroprotective flow. As microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally control gene expression in many pathogenic and physiological processes, we investigated the regulation of miRNAs by KLF2 in endothelial cells. KLF2 binds to the promoter and induces a significant upregulation of the miR-143/145 cluster. Interestingly, miR-143/145 has been shown to control smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes; therefore, we investigated the possibility of transport of these miRNAs between endothelial cells and SMCs. Indeed, extracellular vesicles secreted by KLF2-transduced or shear-stress-stimulated HUVECs are enriched in miR-143/145 and control target gene expression in co-cultured SMCs. Extracellular vesicles derived from KLF2-expressing endothelial cells also reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice. Combined, our results show that atheroprotective stimuli induce communication between endothelial cells and SMCs through an miRNA- and extracellular-vesicle-mediated mechanism and that this may comprise a promising strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
1,182 citations
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TL;DR: The information synthesized is expected to open new avenues for a large scale use of insect products as animal feed, and the levels of Ca and fatty acids in insect meals can be enhanced by manipulation of the substrate on which insects are reared.
1,068 citations