Author
Luca Sterpone
Other affiliations: Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Bio: Luca Sterpone is an academic researcher from Polytechnic University of Turin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fault injection & Field-programmable gate array. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 222 publications receiving 3125 citations. Previous affiliations of Luca Sterpone include Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: A new analytical approach is described to estimate the dependability of TMR designs implemented on SRAM-based FPGAs that is able to predict the effects of single event upsets with the same accuracy of fault injection but at a fraction of the fault-injection's execution time.
Abstract: In order to deploy successfully commercially-off-the-shelf SRAM-based FPGA devices in safety- or mission-critical applications, designers need to adopt suitable hardening techniques, as well as methods for validating the correctness of the obtained designs, as far as the system's dependability is concerned. In this paper we describe a new analytical approach to estimate the dependability of TMR designs implemented on SRAM-based FPGAs that, by exploiting a detailed knowledge of FPGAs architectures and configuration memory, is able to predict the effects of single event upsets with the same accuracy of fault injection but at a fraction of the fault-injection's execution time.
104 citations
••
TL;DR: A new hardware/software platform for testing SRAM-based FPGAs under heavy-ion and neutron beams, capable of tracing the bit-flips in the configuration memory back to the physical resources affected in the FPGA is introduced.
Abstract: We introduce a new hardware/software platform for testing SRAM-based FPGAs under heavy-ion and neutron beams, capable of tracing the bit-flips in the configuration memory back to the physical resources affected in the FPGA. The validation was performed using, for the first time, the neutron source at the RAL-ISIS facility. The ISIS beam features a 1/E spectrum, which is similar to the terrestrial one with an acceleration between 107 and 108 in the energy range 10-100 MeV. The results gathered on Xilinx SRAM-based FPGAs are discussed in terms of cross section and circuit-level modifications.
91 citations
••
Los Alamos National Laboratory1, Vanderbilt University2, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul3, University of Seville4, Stellenbosch University5, Polytechnic University of Turin6, Charles III University of Madrid7, California Institute of Technology8, Northeastern University9, Brigham Young University10
TL;DR: A benchmark suite for high-reliability systems that is designed for field-programmable gate arrays and microprocessors is proposed and the development process is described and neutron test data is reported for the hardware and software benchmarks.
Abstract: Performance benchmarks have been used over the years to compare different systems. These benchmarks can be useful for researchers trying to determine how changes to the technology, architecture, or compiler affect the system's performance. No such standard exists for systems deployed into high radiation environments, making it difficult to assess whether changes in the fabrication process, circuitry, architecture, or software affect reliability or radiation sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a benchmark suite for high-reliability systems that is designed for field-programmable gate arrays and microprocessors. We describe the development process and report neutron test data for the hardware and software benchmarks.
77 citations
••
12 Jul 2004TL;DR: A fault-injection environment developed at this institution is exploited to analyze the impact of single event upsets affecting the configuration memory of SRAM-based FPGAs when fault tolerant design techniques are adopted, and shows that the TMR design technique mainly depends on the characteristics of the adopted TMR architecture in terms of placing and routing.
Abstract: The growing adoption of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in safety-critical applications demands for efficient methodologies for evaluating their reliability. Single event upsets (SEUs) affecting the configuration memory of SRAM-based FPGAs are a major concern, since they can permanently affect the function implemented by the device. We exploited a fault-injection environment developed at our institution to analyze the impact of such faults on SRAM-based FPGAs when fault tolerant design techniques are adopted. The experimental results allow quantitative evaluations of the effects of these faults, and show that the sensitivity of the TMR design technique mainly depends on the characteristics of the adopted TMR architecture in terms of placing and routing.
61 citations
••
TL;DR: A new approach for predicting SEU effects in circuits mapped on SRAM-based FPGAs that combines radiation testing with simulation is described, which is used to characterize (in terms of device cross section) the technology on which the FPGA device is based, no matter which circuit it implements.
Abstract: SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are particularly sensitive to single event upsets (SEUs) that, by changing the FPGA's configuration memory, may affect dramatically the functions implemented by the device. In This work we describe a new approach for predicting SEU effects in circuits mapped on SRAM-based FPGAs that combines radiation testing with simulation. The former is used to characterize (in terms of device cross section) the technology on which the FPGA device is based, no matter which circuit it implements. The latter is used to predict the probability for a SEU to alter the expect behavior of a given circuit. By combining the two figures, we then compute the cross section of the circuit mapped on the pre-characterized device. Experimental results are presented that compare the approach we developed with a traditional one based on radiation testing only, to measure the cross section of a circuit mapped on an FPGA. The figures here reported confirm the accuracy of our approach.
51 citations
Cited by
More filters
••
University of Helsinki1, Semmelweis University2, University of Szeged3, Hungarian Academy of Sciences4, University of Palermo5, University of Porto6, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto7, Autonomous University of Barcelona8, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular9, Ikerbasque10, Harvard University11, University of Duisburg-Essen12, Salk Institute for Biological Studies13, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg14, University of Colorado Denver15, Bilkent University16, Middle East Technical University17, University of Southern Denmark18, Statens Serum Institut19, Ghent University Hospital20, Oslo University Hospital21, University of Belgrade22, University of Ljubljana23, University of Mainz24, Finnish Red Cross25, University of Gothenburg26, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre27, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW28, University of Valencia29, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares30, University of Freiburg31, Utrecht University32, Trinity College, Dublin33, University of Barcelona34, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies35, International University Of Catalonia36, Aarhus University Hospital37
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs is provided, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia.
Abstract: In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the EV-mediated maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of physiological functions have remained less explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs, which has been written by crowd-sourcing, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia. This review is intended to be of relevance to both researchers already working on EV biology and to newcomers who will encounter this universal cell biological system. Therefore, here we address the molecular contents and functions of EVs in various tissues and body fluids from cell systems to organs. We also review the physiological mechanisms of EVs in bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants to highlight the functional uniformity of this emerging communication system.
3,690 citations
••
TL;DR: Recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicle biology and the role of extrace cellular vesicles in disease is reviewed, emerging therapeutic opportunities are discussed and the associated challenges are considered.
Abstract: Within the past decade, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, being involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells in both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. In addition, pathophysiological roles for extracellular vesicles are beginning to be recognized in diseases including cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, both unmodified and engineered extracellular vesicles are likely to have applications in macromolecular drug delivery. Here, we review recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicle biology and the role of extracellular vesicles in disease, discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities and consider the associated challenges.
2,507 citations
••
TL;DR: Emerging principles of miRNA regulation of stress signaling pathways are reviewed and applied to the authors' understanding of the roles of miRNAs in disease.
1,491 citations
••
TL;DR: The results show that atheroprotective stimuli induce communication between endothelial cells and SMCs through an miRNA- and extracellular-vesicle-mediated mechanism and that this may comprise a promising strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
Abstract: The shear-responsive transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a critical regulator of endothelial gene expression patterns induced by atheroprotective flow. As microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally control gene expression in many pathogenic and physiological processes, we investigated the regulation of miRNAs by KLF2 in endothelial cells. KLF2 binds to the promoter and induces a significant upregulation of the miR-143/145 cluster. Interestingly, miR-143/145 has been shown to control smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes; therefore, we investigated the possibility of transport of these miRNAs between endothelial cells and SMCs. Indeed, extracellular vesicles secreted by KLF2-transduced or shear-stress-stimulated HUVECs are enriched in miR-143/145 and control target gene expression in co-cultured SMCs. Extracellular vesicles derived from KLF2-expressing endothelial cells also reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice. Combined, our results show that atheroprotective stimuli induce communication between endothelial cells and SMCs through an miRNA- and extracellular-vesicle-mediated mechanism and that this may comprise a promising strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
1,182 citations
••
TL;DR: The information synthesized is expected to open new avenues for a large scale use of insect products as animal feed, and the levels of Ca and fatty acids in insect meals can be enhanced by manipulation of the substrate on which insects are reared.
1,068 citations