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Lucyna Grządziel

Bio: Lucyna Grządziel is an academic researcher from Silesian University of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thin film & Work function. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 26 publications receiving 356 citations.

Papers
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TL;DR: The detailed analysis of lab-recorded photoemission spectra in combination with Kelvin probe data yielded the work function, ionization energy, and valence band - Fermi level separation - and hence enabled the construction of band diagrams of the examined layers.
Abstract: In the present work, thin ZnO layers were synthesized by the sol–gel method with subsequent spin-coating on Si(100). We show that the detailed analysis of lab-recorded photoemission spectra in combination with Kelvin probe data yielded the work function, ionization energy, and valence band – Fermi level separation – and hence enabled the construction of band diagrams of the examined layers. With small modifications in preparation, very different films can be obtained. One set shows a homogeneous depth-dependent n carrier distribution, and another a significant carrier concentration gradient from n-type conductivity to almost metal-like n+ character. Likewise, the surface morphology can be tuned from a uniform, compact surface with spherical single-nm sized grain-like features to a structured surface with 5–10 nm tall crystallites with (002) dominating crystal orientation. Based on the band-bending and the energy levels observed, defects of contradictory nature, i.e. acceptor–donor–trap (ADT) properties, were identified. These defects may be groups of point defects, with opposite character. The ADT states affect the energy levels of the oxide layers and due to their nature cannot be considered in the photoemission experiment as mutually independent. The versatile nature of the synthesis provides us with the opportunity to tune the properties with a high degree of freedom, at low processing costs, yielding layers with an exotic electronic structure. Such layers are interesting candidates for applications in photovoltaic and nanoelectronic devices.

62 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the surface morphology of vacuum deposited copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films surface was studied using the contact mode Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and the influence of substrate temperature during deposition and of post-deposition UHV annealing on surface roughness as well as on the average and maximum grain height was determined.

33 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the electronic properties of the space charge layer of the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films in situ prepared by an UHV evaporation method and, subsequently, exposed to molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) have been studied using the high resolution photoemission yield spectroscopy (PYS) technique.

31 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the interface formation between deposited copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films and covered with native oxide n- and p-type silicon Si(1.1) substrates.

29 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of 12-hour exposure to the ambient air on the chemical and electronic properties of thin 16-nm copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) sensing layers deposited on n- and p-type silicon Si(111) substrates covered with the native oxide was investigated.

22 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: Recent progress in both the material design and device engineering of MPc-based OTFTs are reviewed, including the introduction of solubilizing groups on the MPcs and the surface modification of substrates to induce favorable MPc self-assembly.
Abstract: Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are versatile conjugated macrocycles that have attracted a great deal of interest as active components in modern organic electronic devices. In particular, the charge transport properties of MPcs, their chemical stability, and their synthetic versatility make them ideal candidate materials for use in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). This article reviews recent progress in both the material design and device engineering of MPc-based OTFTs, including the introduction of solubilizing groups on the MPcs and the surface modification of substrates to induce favorable MPc self-assembly. Finally, a discussion on emerging niche applications based on MPc OTFTs will be explored, in addition to a perspective and outlook on these promising materials in OTFTs. The scope of this review is focused primarily on the advances made in the field of MPc-based OTFTs since 2008.

259 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of reactions of NH and NH2 with O, 02 and NO from a theoretical point of view is presented, focusing on the reactions of the two species.
Abstract: (i) R. W. Walker: Some burning problems in combustion chemistry (68 pp.). The major features of this article are the initiation steps for alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and aldehydes, the reactions of O, with ethyl radicals, and the formation of aromatics, polycyclic aromatics, and soot by cyclisation reactions of reactive intermediates, especially allyl and propargyl type radicals. A lot of actual kinetic data are given and dicussed in detail. (ii) J. L. Durant Jr.: Reactions of NH„ species (47 pp.). The chemistry of NH, species contains a wide variety of processes ranging from very low temperatures in the troposphere up to NO, formation at very high temperatures in combustion processes. Therefore, several reviews have been published in the past. The present review is focused on reactions of NH and NH2 with O, 02 and NO from a theoretical point of view. The thermochemistry, potential energy surfaces, including different electronic states, reaction paths, and the dynamics of some selected processes are discussed in a compact manner. (iii) S. M. Pimblott, N. J. B. Green: Recent advances in the kinetics of radiolytic processes (58 pp.). The main topics are theoretical models for the energy loss (LET) of the radiation, the distribution of ionization and excitation processes, followed by chemical reactions in the spurs and later at the time scale the transition from an inhomogeneous to the homoge-

155 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, a fiber-shaped organic photovoltaic cell is demonstrated, utilizing concentric thin films of small molecular organic compounds, and it exhibits 0.5% power conversion efficiency, compared to 0.76% for a planar control device.
Abstract: A fiber-shaped organic photovoltaic cell is demonstrated, utilizing concentric thin films of small molecular organic compounds. Illuminated at normal incidence to the fiber axis through a thin metal electrode, the cell exhibits 0.5% power conversion efficiency, compared to 0.76% for a planar control device. The fiber device efficiency is nearly independent of illumination angle, increasing its power generation over the planar counterpart for diffuse illumination. Losses due to partial shading of the fiber surface are minimal, while the coated fiber length is limited only by the experimental deposition chamber geometry—factors favoring scale-up to woven energy harvesting textiles.

151 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the surface chemical structure and composition of adsorbed 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBIH) on Cu from the same solution was investigated.

131 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the crystal and band gap structures of copper(II) phthalocyanine (Cu-Pc) thin films were investigated and the phase changes of the two α- and β-phases were observed by using X-ray diffraction and electronic absorption spectra.

117 citations