Ludwig von Bogdandy

Bio: Ludwig von Bogdandy is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Blast furnace & Thermal science. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 7 publications receiving 232 citations.

The Reduction of Iron Ores: Scientific Basis and Technology

Abstract: 1. Fundamentals.- 2. Results of Experimental Investigations of the Kinetics of Reduction.- 3. Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in Granular Materials.- 4. Techniques for the Reduction of Iron Ores, Apart from the Blast Furnace.- 5. The Blast Furnace Process.- Author Index.

The Blast Furnace Process

Abstract: As a vessel for reducing and smelting iron ores, the blast furnace has already demonstrated the creative genius and originality of its concept. if only by the fact that the principle of the process has scarcely required any modification over a period of one hundred years.

Results of Experimental Investigations of the Kinetics of Reduction

Abstract: The determination of the progress with time of the reduction of oxides depends in every case on measuring the progress of oxygen removal from the oxides or measuring the value of some quantity which is uniquely determined by the extent of oxygen removal. Methods of investigation entailing discontinuous working — in which, for example, the oxide specimen is removed from the reactor after a certain time, is cooled and examined (e.g., weighed) — are justified only in special cases, and will be mentioned here only in passing. The desideratum is continuous observation of the chosen quantity, because in a discontinuous method the course of the reaction is disturbed, and changes in the test material — by its being heated up and cooled, and by being taken out of the reaction gas into the atmosphere — are bound to occur.

Techniques for the Reduction of Iron Ores, Apart from the Blast Furnace

Abstract: The reduction of iron ores to the metal is the basis of steel manufacture. The reduction is carried out mainly in blast furnaces, which produce up to 7000 tons Fe a day in the form of molten pig iron, at a very moderate cost for the conversion. The blast furnace may be regarded as a piece of equipment which has almost reached perfection. It is suitable for handling almost all naturally occurring iron ores, and its product, the molten pig iron, can be used directly without further treatment in the existing processes for steel manufacture. World production of pig iron is now, as ever, sharply increasing (Fig. 144).

Production of Very Pure Hydrogen with Simultaneous Capture of Carbon Dioxide using the Redox Reactions of Iron Oxides in Packed Beds

Abstract: A chemical looping process, which uses a packed bed of the various oxides of iron, has been formulated to produce separate, pure streams of H2 and CO2 from syngas. The process has the following stages: (1) Reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe0.947O in the syngas from gasifying coal or biomass. This stage generates pure CO2, once the water has been condensed. (2) Subsequent oxidation of Fe0.947O to Fe3O4 using steam, to simultaneously produce H2. (3) Further oxidation of Fe3O4 to Fe2O3 using air to return the oxide to step 1. Step 1 was studied here using a mixture of CO + CO2 + N2 as the feed to a packed bed of iron oxide particles, while measuring the concentrations of CO and CO2 in the off-gas; step 2 was investigated by passing steam in N2 through the packed bed and measuring the quantity of H2 produced. The third step simply involved passing air through the bed. Reduction to Fe, rather than Fe0.947O, in step 1 gave low levels of H2 in step 2 after 10 cycles of reduction and oxidation and led to the deposition of ...