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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, vibration and electromagnetic radiation energy harvesting has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC-DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy harvesters. This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power management circuits.

Micropower energy harvesting

Internet of Things applications: A systematic review

Integrated-Circuit Fabrication. Active Devices in Integrated Circuits. Passive Components: Diodes, Resistors, and Capacitors. Bias Circuits. Basic Gain Stages. Analog Design with MOS Technology. Operational Amplifiers. Wideband Amplifiers. Analog Multipliers and Modulators. Voltage Regulators. Integrated-Circuit Oscillators and Timers. Phase-Locked-Loop Circuits. Integrated-Circuit Filters. Data Conversion Circuits: Digital-To-Analog Converters. Data Conversion Circuits: Analog-To-Digital Converters. Index.

Bipolar and MOS Analog Integrated Circuit Design

This study presents the design, optimisation, simulation and fabrication of a novel printed elliptical nested fractal (planar) antenna for multiband operation. The proposed antenna is intended to function as the receptor element in radio-frequency energy harvesting applications. The simple microstrip structure and the compact size of the antenna ease its fabrication and allow it to be integrated with other electronic circuitry. It consists of nested elliptical structures fed by 50 Ω microstrip line with complementary elliptical ground along with rectangular ground plane. The added Hilbert structures at both sides of the antenna feeding line on the top layer enhance its performance to operate in multi-frequency bands. This antenna exhibits good radiation and reflection characteristics at 910 MHz (global system of mobile (GSM 900)), 2.4 GHz (Bluetooth/wireless local area network), 3.2 GHz (Radiolocation, third generation (3G)), 3.8 GHz (for long-term evolution, 4G) and additional 5 GHz band (wireless fidelity signals). The overall dimension of antenna is 41 mm (width) × 44 mm (length) × 1.778 mm (thickness). To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the widest bandwidth antenna to be developed at these small dimensions covering major standards from 900 MHz up to 6 GHz for electromagnetic energy harvesting applications.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-map.2014.0744

Miniaturised printed elliptical nested fractal multiband antenna for energy harvesting applications

This paper investigates conductive concrete in electromagnetic shielding applications as a viable alternative to carbon-laced polyurethane, which is used as an absorber material in anechoic chambers. To greatly increase concrete’s electromagnetic shielding performance, carbon black, graphite powder, and steel fibers are introduced to its composition. Samples of conductive concrete have been prepared and its shielding effectiveness is evaluated. The test method is based on using power spectrum analysis to characterize the degree of shielding due to the different mechanisms of reflection and absorption. The tested samples are in the shape of anechoic chambers pyramidal cones, to provide gradual impedance gradient. Slabs with flat surface are also built and tested in order to compare the results. Measured data are then compared with published figures for commercial chamber performances. The range of frequency tested is from 1 to 5.5 GHz. The pyramidal conductive concrete samples yield an excellent shielding effectiveness of approximately 65 dB as opposed to the carbon-laced polyurethane performance of 50 dB.

Feasibility Study of Using Electrically Conductive Concrete for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications as a Substitute for Carbon-Laced Polyurethane Absorbers in Anechoic Chambers

Based upon a unique junction pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor (J-pHEMT) device, a novel method of providing high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) power control for variable envelope modulation schemes is demonstrated for enhanced data rates for global system for mobile communications evolution and wide-band code division multiple access. This new technique, based upon the use of a linear PA, was extended to provide a simple, but highly effective method of PA efficiency enhancement based upon dynamic adaptive bias control. Together, the architecture allows for substantially higher efficiency levels compared with conventional linear solutions over the entire range of handset operating conditions, while avoiding the necessity for complex control loops and linearization schemes. Furthermore, it is shown that the characteristics of the J-pHEMT, when used with this architecture, can be exploited to facilitate an efficient and completely novel single-chip PA plus antenna switch to substantially reduce the RF complexity of a cellular handset.

Novel multimode J-pHEMT front-end architecture with power-control scheme for maximum efficiency

Two integrated, highly efficient RF-to-dc rectifier circuits are presented. The rectifier circuits are based on improved Dickson charge pump models and are fabricated using 65-nm CMOS GlobalFoundries process. The designs utilize diode-connected metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors instead of the conventional Schottky diodes to provide a fully integrated circuits. A detailed analytical model that supports the improved circuit model is given. The measurement results of both rectifier circuits show good agreement with the simulation results. The fabricated rectifiers’ start to operate at −17.5-dBm input power. The tested frequency of operation of the rectifier circuits is 953 MHz (GSM900 band), however, other frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz (Bluetooth/WLAN) could be covered with proper impedance matching. The measured peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the implemented rectifiers are 84.37% and 56.16% at input power levels of −12.5 and −15 dBm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest achieved PCE for the class of rectifiers at such low input power level in the literature. High sensitivity and excellent PCE of the presented rectifiers are ideal for utilization in wireless sensor network, Internet of Things, energy harvesting, and biomedical applications.

High Efficiency Energy Harvesters in 65nm CMOS Process for Autonomous IoT Sensor Applications

This paper describes the design of a dual-channel S-band digital radar test bed. The test bed combines stretch processing with a novel and cost-effective hardware architecture that enables it to achieve an in-band dynamic range of 60 dB over 600 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. The dual digital receiver channels allow for adaptive digital beamforming which can be used to mitigate a directional source of interference. Experimental test and verification results are presented to demonstrate system performance.

Lutfi Albasha

Papers

Miniaturised printed elliptical nested fractal multiband antenna for energy harvesting applications

Feasibility Study of Using Electrically Conductive Concrete for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications as a Substitute for Carbon-Laced Polyurethane Absorbers in Anechoic Chambers

Novel multimode J-pHEMT front-end architecture with power-control scheme for maximum efficiency

High Efficiency Energy Harvesters in 65nm CMOS Process for Autonomous IoT Sensor Applications

A Low-Cost High-Performance Digital Radar Test Bed