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M Hartmann

Bio: M Hartmann is an academic researcher from University of Bremen. The author has contributed to research in topics: Absorption spectroscopy & Sea ice. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 578 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography (SCIAMACHY) pre-flight model satellite spectrometers to measure the gas-phase absorption spectra of the most important atmospheric trace gases (O3, NO2, SO2, O2, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, and N2O) in the 230-2380 nm range at medium spectral resolution and at several temperatures between 203 and 293
Abstract: Using the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography (SCIAMACHY) pre-flight model satellite spectrometer, gas-phase absorption spectra of the most important atmospheric trace gases (O3, NO2, SO2, O2, OClO, H2CO, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, and N2O) have been measured in the 230–2380 nm range at medium spectral resolution and at several temperatures between 203 and 293 K. The spectra show high signal-to-noise ratio (between 200 up to a few thousands), high baseline stability (better than 10−2) and an accurate wavelength calibration (better than 0.01 nm) and were scaled to absolute absorption cross-sections using previously published data. The results are important as reference data for atmospheric remote-sensing and physical chemistry. Amongst other results, the first measurements of the Wulf bands of O3 up to their origin above 1000 nm were made at five different temperatures between 203 and 293 K, the first UV-Vis absorption cross-sections of NO2 in gas-phase equilibrium at 203 K were recorded, and the ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of SO2 were measured at five different temperatures between 203 and 296 K. In addition, the molecular absorption spectra were used to improve the wavelength calibration of the SCIAMACHY spectrometer and to characterize the instrumental line shape (ILS) and straylight properties of the instrument. It is demonstrated that laboratory measurements of molecular trace gas absorption spectra prior to launch are important for satellite instrument characterization and to validate and improve the spectroscopic database.

630 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Manfred Wendisch, Marlen Brückner, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Justus Notholt, Christof Lüpkes, Andreas Macke, John P. Burrows, Annette Rinke, Johannes Quaas, Marion Maturilli, Vera Schemann, Matthew D. Shupe, E. F. Akansu, Carola Barrientos-Velasco, Konrad Bärfuss, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Karoline Block, Ilias Bougoudis, Heiko Bozem, Christine Böckmann, Astrid Bracher, Hélène Bresson, Lisa Bretschneider, Matthias H. Buschmann, Dmitry Chechin, J. Chylik, Sandro Dahlke, Hartwig Deneke, Klaus Dethloff, Tobias Donth, Wolfgang Dorn, Régis Dupuy, Kerstin Ebell, Ulrike Egerer, Ronny Engelmann, Olliver Eppers, Riidiger Gerdes, Rosa Gierens, Irina Gorodetskaya, M. K. Elisabeth Gottschalk, Hannes Griesche, Vladimir M. Gryanik, Doerthe Handorf, B. Harm-Altstädter, Jörg Hartmann, M Hartmann, Bernd Heinold, A. Herber, Hartmut Herrmann, Georg Heygster, I. Höschel, Zerlina Hofmann, Jens Hölemann, Anja Hünerbein, Soheila Jafariserajehlou, Evelyn Jäkel, Ch. Jacobi, Markus Janout, F. Jansen, Olivier Jourdan, Z. Jurányi, Heike Kalesse-Los, Torsten Kanzow, R. Käthner, Leif-Leonard Kliesch, Marcus Klingebiel, Erlend M. Knudsen, Teréz Kovács, W. Körtke, D Krampe, John Kretzschmar, Daniel Kreyling, Birte Solveig Kulla, Daniel Kunkel, Astrid Lampert, Melanie Lauer, Luca Lelli, Annakaisa von Lerber, Olivia Linke, Ulrich Löhnert, Michael Lonardi, Svetlana N. Losa, Martin Losch, Maximillian Maahn, Mario Mech, Lui Guang Mei, S. Mertes, Enrico P. Metzner, Daniela Mewes, Janosch Michaelis, G. Mioche, Manuel Moser, Konstantina Nakoudi, Roel Neggers, Roland Neuber, Tatiana Nomokonova, Julia Oelker, I. Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, Falk Pätzold, Vasileios Pefanis, Carol S. Pohl, Manuela van Pinxteren, Ana Radovan, Monika Rhein, Markus Rex, Andreas Richter, Nils Risse, Christoph Ritter, Philip Rostosky, Vladimir Rozanov, Elena Ruiz Donoso, P. Saavedra-Garfias, Marc Salzmann, Jacob Schacht, Michael Schäfer, Johannes Schneider, N. Schnierstein, Patric Seifert, Sora Seo, Holger Siebert, Mariana Altenburg Soppa, Gunnar Spreen, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Johannes Stapf, F. Stratmann, Ina Tegen, Carolina Viceto, Christiane Voigt, Marco Vountas, Andreas Walbröl, Maren Walter, Birgit Wehner, Heike Wex, Sascha Willmes, Marco Zanatta, Sebastian Zeppenfeld 
TL;DR: The AC3 project as mentioned in this paper has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, ship-borne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community.
Abstract: Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project has been established in 2016 (http://www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, ship-borne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric/ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and air mass transport and transformation.

24 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity, and molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth.
Abstract: This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided.

7,638 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Jan 2012-Science
TL;DR: Direct photoionization mass spectrometric detection of formaldehyde oxide (CH2OO) as a product of the reaction ofCH2I with O2 enabled direct laboratory determinations of CH2OO kinetics, suggesting a substantially greater role of carbonyl oxides in models of tropospheric sulfate and nitrate chemistry than previously assumed.
Abstract: Ozonolysis is a major tropospheric removal mechanism for unsaturated hydrocarbons and proceeds via "Criegee intermediates"--carbonyl oxides--that play a key role in tropospheric oxidation models. However, until recently no gas-phase Criegee intermediate had been observed, and indirect determinations of their reaction kinetics gave derived rate coefficients spanning orders of magnitude. Here, we report direct photoionization mass spectrometric detection of formaldehyde oxide (CH(2)OO) as a product of the reaction of CH(2)I with O(2). This reaction enabled direct laboratory determinations of CH(2)OO kinetics. Upper limits were extracted for reaction rate coefficients with NO and H(2)O. The CH(2)OO reactions with SO(2) and NO(2) proved unexpectedly rapid and imply a substantially greater role of carbonyl oxides in models of tropospheric sulfate and nitrate chemistry than previously assumed.

603 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The libRadtran as discussed by the authors software package is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations, which allows one to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the solar and thermal spectral regions.
Abstract: . libRadtran is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations. It allows one to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the solar and thermal spectral regions. libRadtran has been used for various applications, including remote sensing of clouds, aerosols and trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere, climate studies, e.g., for the calculation of radiative forcing due to different atmospheric components, for UV forecasting, the calculation of photolysis frequencies, and for remote sensing of other planets in our solar system. The package has been described in Mayer and Kylling (2005). Since then several new features have been included, for example polarization, Raman scattering, a new molecular gas absorption parameterization, and several new parameterizations of cloud and aerosol optical properties. Furthermore, a graphical user interface is now available, which greatly simplifies the usage of the model, especially for new users. This paper gives an overview of libRadtran version 2.0.1 with a focus on new features. Applications including these new features are provided as examples of use. A complete description of libRadtran and all its input options is given in the user manual included in the libRadtran software package, which is freely available at http://www.libradtran.org .

459 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the capabilities of satellite remote sensing of these species in the boundary layer, along with physical processes affecting their accuracy and precision, and discussed applications of satellite observations for case studies of specific events, for estimates of surface concentrations, and to improve emission inventories of trace gases and aerosols.

421 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters as discussed by the authors , which is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres).
Abstract: The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of both tools has been extended for the new edition.

393 citations