Emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things, smart applications, smart grids, and machine-to-machine networks stimulate the deployment of autonomous, self-configuring, large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Efficient energy utilization is crucially important in order to maintain a fully operational network for the longest period of time possible. Therefore, network lifetime (NL) maximization techniques have attracted a lot of research attention owing to their importance in terms of extending the flawless operation of battery-constrained WSNs. In this paper, we review the recent developments in WSNs, including their applications, design constraints, and lifetime estimation models. Commencing with the portrayal of rich variety definitions of NL design objective used for WSNs, the family of NL maximization techniques is introduced and some design guidelines with examples are provided to show the potential improvements of the different design criteria.

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A survey of network lifetime maximization techniques in wireless sensor networks

The emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) are vulnerable to Sybil attacks where attackers can manipulate fake identities or abuse pseudoidentities to compromise the effectiveness of the IoT and even disseminate spam. In this paper, we survey Sybil attacks and defense schemes in IoT. Specifically, we first define three types Sybil attacks: SA-1, SA-2, and SA-3 according to the Sybil attacker’s capabilities. We then present some Sybil defense schemes, including social graph-based Sybil detection (SGSD), behavior classification-based Sybil detection (BCSD), and mobile Sybil detection with the comprehensive comparisons. Finally, we discuss the challenging research issues and future directions for Sybil defense in IoT.

Sybil Attacks and Their Defenses in the Internet of Things

Preface.1. Introduction.2. PLC in the Telecommunications Access Area.3. PLC Network Characteristics.4. Realization of PLC Access Systems.5. PLC MAC Layer.6. Performance Evaluation of Reservation MAC Protocols.Appendix A.References.Index.

Broadband powerline communications networks : network design

Lightweight virtualization technologies have revolutionized the world of software development by introducing flexibility and innovation to this domain. Although the benefits introduced by these emerging solutions have been widely acknowledged in cloud computing, recent advances have led to the spread of such technologies in different contexts. As an example, the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile edge computing benefit from container virtualization by exploiting the possibility of using these technologies not only in data centers but also on devices, which are characterized by fewer computational resources, such as single-board computers. This has led to a growing trend to more efficiently redesign the critical components of IoT/edge scenarios (e.g., gateways) to enable the concept of device virtualization. The possibility for efficiently deploying virtualized instances on single-board computers has already been addressed in recent studies; however, these studies considered only a limited number of devices and omitted important performance metrics from their empirical assessments. This paper seeks to fill this gap and to provide insights for future deployments through a comprehensive performance evaluation that aims to show the strengths and weaknesses of several low-power devices when handling container-virtualized instances.

Virtualization on Internet of Things Edge Devices With Container Technologies: A Performance Evaluation

The Internet of Things (IoT) vision requires increasingly more sensor nodes interconnected and a network solution that may accommodate these requirements accordingly. In wireless sensor networks, there are energy-limited devices; therefore techniques to save energy have become a significant research trend. Other issues such as latency, range coverage, and bandwidth are important aspects in IoT. It is considering the massive number of expected nodes connected to the Internet. The LoRaWAN (Low Power WAN Protocol for Internet of Things), a data-link layer with long range, low power, and low bit rate, appeared as a promising solution for IoT in which, end-devices use LoRa to communicate with gateways through a single hop. While proprietary LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technologies are already hitting a large market, this paper addresses the LoRa architecture and the LoRaWAN protocol that is expected to solve the connectivity problem of tens of billions of devices in the next decade. Use cases are considered to illustrate its application alongside with a discussion about open issues and research opportunities.

LoRaWAN — A low power WAN protocol for Internet of Things: A review and opportunities

Large-scale, self-organizing wireless sensor and mesh network deployments are being driven by recent technological developments such as The Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Grids and Smart Environment applications. Efficient use of the limited energy resources of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes is critically important to support these advances, and application of topology control methods will have a profound impact on energy efficiency and hence battery lifetime. In this survey, we focus on the energy efficiency issue and present a comprehensive study of topology control techniques for extending the lifetime of battery powered WSNs. First, we review the significant topology control algorithms to provide insights into how energy efficiency is achieved by design. Further, these algorithms are classified according to the energy conservation approach they adopt, and evaluated by the trade-offs they offer to aid designers in selecting a technique that best suits their applications. Since the concept of "network lifetime" is widely used for assessing the algorithms' performance, we highlight various definitions of the term and discuss their merits and drawbacks. Recently, there has been growing interest in algorithms for non-planar topologies such as deployments in underwater environments or multi-level buildings. For this reason, we also include a detailed discussion of topology control algorithms that work efficiently in three dimensions. Based on the outcomes of our review, we identify a number of open research issues for achieving energy efficiency through topology control.

A Survey on Distributed Topology Control Techniques for Extending the Lifetime of Battery Powered Wireless Sensor Networks

TCP performance enhancement in wireless access networks is an important ongoing area of research. It is known that the hostile nature of the wireless channel and the mobile nature of wireless users interact adversely with standard TCP congestion control mechanisms [1], causing a drastic reduction in throughput. This article surveys a selection of different approaches to managing TCP performance over wireless links, and presents the results of simulation and field trial results of a novel TCP performance enhancing proxy over diverse cellular radio access technologies based on the GSM, cdma2000, and UMTS standards. The proposed TRL TCP performance enhancing proxy has the advantages of being completely transparent to both TCP endpoints and tunable to different access technologies, and frequently achieves the maximum throughput available from any of the studied radio access technologies.

On TCP performance enhancing proxies in a wireless environment

https://titania.ctie.monash.edu/papers/wimax-mac-qos-survey.pdf

A survey of MAC based QoS implementations for WiMAX networks

For so long, the term quality of service (QoS) has been a pursuit area for network engineers trying to dimension wireless networks to run in the most efficient way possible. Of late, there has been a trend reversal, looking at the user perceptions of the network performance to decide where dimensioning can have the greatest impact. This paper demonstrates the importance of defining the concept of user-perceived QoS and linking this to specific wireless data network parameters for some anticipated valuable applications. It has been shown that a quantitative rating can be obtained for a variety of important factors in the assessment of service quality, and mapped to specific values of multiple network parameters. We found QoS to be application-specific, where various applications require different levels of network performance to satisfy users. The role of physical location was also examined, investigating the influence of being indoors versus outdoors on the user perception of QoS.

User-perceived quality of service in wireless data networks

This paper considers three circuit allocation schemes for half- and full-rate connections in the Global system for Mobile Communications (GSM): best fit, repacking, and fair repacking. Analytic numerical methods are used to investigate each scheme's blocking probability behavior. The analysis is based on a reduction of the state space to a manageable size. Fair repacking is found to be the fairest and most efficient. However, the best-fit scheme, while being somewhat less efficient and fair, is simpler to implement. The effect on quality of service (QoS) of voice dropouts related to intracell handover (repacking) was found to be negligible.

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M. Ivanovich

Papers

A Survey on Distributed Topology Control Techniques for Extending the Lifetime of Battery Powered Wireless Sensor Networks

On TCP performance enhancing proxies in a wireless environment

A survey of MAC based QoS implementations for WiMAX networks

User-perceived quality of service in wireless data networks

Performance between circuit allocation schemes for half- and full-rate connections in GSM