Author
M.J. Cole
Bio: M.J. Cole is an academic researcher from University of Southampton. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fiber Bragg grating & Grating. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 35 publications receiving 1390 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a periodic sine modulation of the refractive index profile in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) was demonstrated with multiple equally spaced and identical wavelength channels.
Abstract: Through a periodic sine modulation of the refractive index-profile in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), we demonstrate gratings with multiple equally spaced and identical wavelength channels. We show 10-cm-long gratings with 4, 8, and 16 identical uniform wavelength channels separated by the ITU spacing of 100 GHz and a 22.5-cm-long grating with four identical dispersion compensating channels with a 200-GHz separation designed to dispersion compensate 80-km data transmission through standard fiber at 1.55 /spl mu/m.
329 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new and flexible technique for producing photorefractive fiber gratings with a uniform phase mask is demonstrated, by slowly moving the fiber relative to the mask as the writing beam is scanned, wavelength shifts, pure apodisation and phase-shifted gratings can be achieved.
Abstract: A new and flexible technique for producing photorefractive fibre gratings with a uniform phase mask is demonstrated. By slowly moving the fibre relative to the mask as the writing beam is scanned, wavelength shifts, pure apodisation and phase-shifted gratings can be achieved.
231 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results of complex grating structures fabricated with uniform phase masks by the moving fiber-scanning beam approach, including self-apodized linearly chirped gratings, and phase shifted gratings with narrow-band transmission peaks have all been realized.
Abstract: We present experimental results of complex grating structures fabricated with uniform phase masks by the moving fiber-scanning beam approach. Pure apodized gratings with side-mode-suppression levels in excess of 40 dB, self-apodized linearly chirped gratings, and phase shifted gratings with narrow-band transmission peaks have all been realized.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report results of a system trial involving dispersion compensating chirped fiber gratings, demonstrating that transmission up to 537 km of standard telecommunications fiber is now feasible at 10 Gb/s, with a pair of 10-cm-long gratings cascaded together.
Abstract: We report on results of a system trial involving dispersion compensating chirped fiber gratings, demonstrating that transmission up to 537 km of standard telecommunications fiber is now feasible at 10 Gb/s, with a pair of 10-cm-long gratings cascaded together.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1 m long continuously-written fibre Bragg gratings designed to compensate both second and third-order fiber dispersion are presented. But they are not suitable for high bit rate transmission systems.
Abstract: The authors present the realisation of high-quality 1 m long continuously-written fibre Bragg gratings designed to compensate both secondand third-order fibre dispersion. These compact devices are ideal for counteracting the effects of fibre dispersion in high bit rate transmission systems.
94 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings and intragrating sensing concepts.
Abstract: We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors.
3,665 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral properties of fiber reflection and transmission gratings are described and examples are given to illustrate the wide variety of optical properties that are possible in fiber gratings.
Abstract: In this paper, we describe the spectral characteristics that can be achieved in fiber reflection (Bragg) and transmission gratings. Both principles for understanding and tools for designing fiber gratings are emphasized. Examples are given to illustrate the wide variety of optical properties that are possible in fiber gratings. The types of gratings considered include uniform, apodized, chirped, discrete phase-shifted, and superstructure gratings; short-period and long-period gratings; symmetric and tilted gratings; and cladding-mode and radiation-mode coupling gratings.
3,330 citations
TL;DR: In-fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are one of the most exciting developments in the field of optical fiber sensors in recent years as discussed by the authors, and significant progress has been made in applications to strain and temperature measurements.
Abstract: In-fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are one of the most exciting developments in the field of optical fibre sensors in recent years. Compared with conventional fibre-optic sensors, FBG sensors have a number of distinguishing advantages. Significant progress has been made in applications to strain and temperature measurements. FBG sensors prove to be one of the most promising candidates for fibre-optic smart structures. This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of FBG sensor technology regarding many aspects including sensing principles, properties, fabrication, interrogation and multiplexing of FBG sensors. It is anticipated that FBG sensor systems will be commercialized and widely applied in practice in the near future due to the maturity of economical production of FBGs and the availability of cost effective interrogation and multiplexing techniques.
1,170 citations
TL;DR: A sensor with centimeter spatial resolution and high precision measurement of temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence can find applications in aerospace smart structures, material processing, and the characterization of optical materials and devices.
Abstract: Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman scatterings in fibers result from the interaction of photons with local material characteristic features like density, temperature and strain. For example an acoustic/mechanical wave generates a dynamic density variation; such a variation may be affected by local temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence. By detecting changes in the amplitude, frequency and phase of light scattered along a fiber, one can realize a distributed fiber sensor for measuring localized temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence over lengths ranging from meters to one hundred kilometers. Such a measurement can be made in the time domain or frequency domain to resolve location information. With coherent detection of the scattered light one can observe changes in birefringence and beat length for fibers and devices. The progress on state of the art technology for sensing performance, in terms of spatial resolution and limitations on sensing length is reviewed. These distributed sensors can be used for disaster prevention in the civil structural monitoring of pipelines, bridges, dams and railroads. A sensor with centimeter spatial resolution and high precision measurement of temperature, strain, vibration and birefringence can find applications in aerospace smart structures, material processing, and the characterization of optical materials and devices.
1,011 citations
TL;DR: This work presents an overview of progress and developments in the field of fiber optic sensor technology, highlighting the major issues underpinning recent research and illustrating a number of important applications and key areas of effective Fiber optic sensor development.
Abstract: This work presents an overview of progress and developments in the field of fiber optic sensor technology, highlighting the major issues underpinning recent research and illustrating a number of important applications and key areas of effective fiber optic sensor development.
823 citations