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M. M. Marinak

Bio: M. M. Marinak is an academic researcher from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: National Ignition Facility & Ignition system. The author has an hindex of 42, co-authored 115 publications receiving 5786 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Marinak et al. used the HYDRA multiphysics radiation hydrodynamics code to simulate a cylindrical NIF hohlraum that includes an imploding capsule.
Abstract: The performance of a targets designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are simulated in three dimensions using the HYDRA multiphysics radiation hydrodynamics code. [M. Marinak et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 1125 (1998)] In simulations of a cylindrical NIF hohlraum that include an imploding capsule, all relevant hohlraum features and the detailed laser illumination pattern, the motion of the wall material inside the hohlraum shows a high degree of axisymmetry. Laser light is able to propagate through the entrance hole for the required duration of the pulse. Gross hohlraum energetics mirror the results from an axisymmetric simulation. A NIF capsule simulation resolved the full spectrum of the most dangerous modes that grow from surface roughness. Hydrodynamic instabilities evolve into the weakly nonlinear regime. There is no evidence of anomalous low mode growth driven by nonlinear mode coupling.

615 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Miller et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a point design for the initial ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using D-T fusion fuel in an ablator of either CH with Ge doping, or Be with Cu.
Abstract: Point design targets have been specified for the initial ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Opt. Eng. 443, 2841 (2004)]. The targets contain D-T fusion fuel in an ablator of either CH with Ge doping, or Be with Cu. These shells are imploded in a U or Au hohlraum with a peak radiation temperature set between 270 and 300 eV. Considerations determining the point design include laser-plasma interactions, hydrodynamic instabilities, laser operations, and target fabrication. Simulations were used to evaluate choices, and to define requirements and specifications. Simulation techniques and their experimental validation are summarized. Simulations were used to estimate the sensitivity of target performance to uncertainties and variations in experimental conditions. A formalism is described that evaluates margin for ignition, summarized in a parameter the Ignition Threshold Factor (ITF). Uncertainty and shot-to-shot variability in ITF are evaluated, and...

534 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
M. J. Edwards1, P. K. Patel, J. D. Lindl1, L. J. Atherton, Siegfried Glenzer, S. W. Haan, J. D. Kilkenny, O. L. Landen, Edward I. Moses, A. Nikroo, R. D. Petrasso, T. C. Sangster, P. T. Springer, Steven H. Batha, R. Benedetti, L. A. Bernstein, Riccardo Betti, D. L. Bleuel, T. R. Boehly, D. K. Bradley, J. A. Caggiano, D. A. Callahan, P. M. Celliers, C. J. Cerjan, K. C. Chen, Daniel Clark, Gilbert Collins, E. L. Dewald, Laurent Divol, S. N. Dixit, Tilo Doeppner, D. H. Edgell, James E. Fair, Michael Farrell, R. J. Fortner, Johan Frenje, M. Gatu Johnson, E. M. Giraldez, V. Yu. Glebov, Gary Grim, B. A. Hammel, A. V. Hamza, D. R. Harding, S. P. Hatchett, N. Hein, Hans W. Herrmann, Damien Hicks, D. E. Hinkel, M. Hoppe, W. W. Hsing, Nobuhiko Izumi, B. Jacoby, O. S. Jones, Daniel H. Kalantar, Robert L. Kauffman, John Kline, J. P. Knauer, J. A. Koch, B. J. Kozioziemski, G. A. Kyrala, K. N. LaFortune, S. Le Pape, R. J. Leeper, R. A. Lerche, T. Ma, B. J. MacGowan, A. J. Mackinnon, Andrew MacPhee, Evan Mapoles, M. M. Marinak, M. Mauldin, P. W. McKenty, M. Meezan, Pierre Michel, Jose Milovich, J. D. Moody, Matthew Moran, D. H. Munro, C. L. Olson, Kathy Opachich, Art Pak, T. G. Parham, H.-S. Park, Joseph Ralph, Sean Regan, Bruce Remington, H. G. Rinderknecht, Harry Robey, M. D. Rosen, Steven Ross, Jay D. Salmonson, J. D. Sater, D. H. Schneider, Fredrick Seguin, Scott Sepke, D. A. Shaughnessy, V. A. Smalyuk, Brian Spears, Christian Stoeckl, Wolfgang Stoeffl, L. J. Suter, Cliff Thomas, R. Tommasini, Richard Town, S. V. Weber, Paul J. Wegner, K. Widman, Mark D. Wilke, Doug Wilson, Charles Yeamans, Alex Zylstra 
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-Z capsule filled with deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel via laser indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion and demonstrate fusion ignition and propagating thermonuclear burn with a net energy gain of ∼5-10 (fusion yield/input laser energy).
Abstract: The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory includes a precision laser system now capable of delivering 1.8 MJ at 500 TW of 0.35-μm light to a target. NIF has been operational since March 2009. A variety of experiments have been completed in support of NIF's mission areas: national security, fundamental science, and inertial fusion energy. NIF capabilities and infrastructure are in place to support its missions with nearly 60 X-ray, optical, and nuclear diagnostic systems. A primary goal of the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) on the NIF was to implode a low-Z capsule filled with ∼0.2 mg of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel via laser indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion and demonstrate fusion ignition and propagating thermonuclear burn with a net energy gain of ∼5–10 (fusion yield/input laser energy). This requires assembling the DT fuel into a dense shell of ∼1000 g/cm3 with an areal density (ρR) of ∼1.5 g/cm2, surrounding a lower density hot spot with a temperature of ∼10 keV and a ρR ∼0.3 g/cm2, or approximately an α-particle range. Achieving these conditions demand precise control of laser and target parameters to allow a low adiabat, high convergence implosion with low ablator fuel mix. We have demonstrated implosion and compressed fuel conditions at ∼80–90% for most point design values independently, but not at the same time. The nuclear yield is a factor of ∼3–10× below the simulated values and a similar factor below the alpha dominated regime. This paper will discuss the experimental trends, the possible causes of the degraded performance (the off-set from the simulations), and the plan to understand and resolve the underlying physics issues.

271 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors achieved a burning-plasma state in the laboratory using a strategy to increase the spatial scale of the capsule through two different implosion concepts and showed that fusion self-heating in excess of the mechanical work injected into the implosions, satisfying several burningplasma metrics.
Abstract: Obtaining a burning plasma is a critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy1. A burning plasma is one in which the fusion reactions themselves are the primary source of heating in the plasma, which is necessary to sustain and propagate the burn, enabling high energy gain. After decades of fusion research, here we achieve a burning-plasma state in the laboratory. These experiments were conducted at the US National Ignition Facility, a laser facility delivering up to 1.9 megajoules of energy in pulses with peak powers up to 500 terawatts. We use the lasers to generate X-rays in a radiation cavity to indirectly drive a fuel-containing capsule via the X-ray ablation pressure, which results in the implosion process compressing and heating the fuel via mechanical work. The burning-plasma state was created using a strategy to increase the spatial scale of the capsule2,3 through two different implosion concepts4-7. These experiments show fusion self-heating in excess of the mechanical work injected into the implosions, satisfying several burning-plasma metrics3,8. Additionally, we describe a subset of experiments that appear to have crossed the static self-heating boundary, where fusion heating surpasses the energy losses from radiation and conduction. These results provide an opportunity to study α-particle-dominated plasmas and burning-plasma physics in the laboratory.

193 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 1990 National Academy of Science final report of its review of the Inertial Confinement Fusion Program recommended completion of a series of target physics objectives on the 10-beam Nova laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as the highest priority prerequisite for proceeding with construction of an ignition-scale laser facility as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The 1990 National Academy of Science final report of its review of the Inertial Confinement Fusion Program recommended completion of a series of target physics objectives on the 10-beam Nova laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as the highest-priority prerequisite for proceeding with construction of an ignition-scale laser facility, now called the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These objectives were chosen to demonstrate that there was sufficient understanding of the physics of ignition targets that the laser requirements for laboratory ignition could be accurately specified. This research on Nova, as well as additional research on the Omega laser at the University of Rochester, is the subject of this review. The objectives of the U.S. indirect-drive target physics program have been to experimentally demonstrate and predictively model hohlraum characteristics, as well as capsule performance in targets that have been scaled in key physics variables from NIF targets. To address the hohlrau...

1,601 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Particle-in-cell (PIC) methods have a long history in the study of laser-plasma interactions as discussed by the authors, and they have been widely used in the literature.
Abstract: Particle-in-cell (PIC) methods have a long history in the study of laser-plasma interactions. Early electromagnetic codes used the Yee staggered grid for field variables combined with a leapfrog EM-field update and the Boris algorithm for particle pushing. The general properties of such schemes are well documented. Modern PIC codes tend to add to these high-order shape functions for particles, Poisson preserving field updates, collisions, ionisation, a hybrid scheme for solid density and high-field QED effects. In addition to these physics packages, the increase in computing power now allows simulations with real mass ratios, full 3D dynamics and multi-speckle interaction. This paper presents a review of the core algorithms used in current laser-plasma specific PIC codes. Also reported are estimates of self-heating rates, convergence of collisional routines and test of ionisation models which are not readily available elsewhere. Having reviewed the status of PIC algorithms we present a summary of recent applications of such codes in laser-plasma physics, concentrating on SRS, short-pulse laser-solid interactions, fast-electron transport, and QED effects.

1,203 citations

Book
19 Dec 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the Equations of Gas Dynamics and Magnetoplasmas Dynamics were studied, as well as Magnetoplasma Stability and Transport in Magnetplasmas and Magnetic Stability.
Abstract: 1 The Equations of Gas Dynamics 2 Magnetoplasma Dynamics 3 Waves in Magnetoplasmas 4 Magnetoplasma Stability 5 Transport in Magnetoplasmas 6 Extensions of Theory Bibliography Index

748 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Feb 2014-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the achievement of fusion fuel gains exceeding unity on the US National Ignition Facility using a high-foot implosion method, which is a manipulation of the laser pulse shape in a way that reduces instability in the implosion.
Abstract: Ignition is needed to make fusion energy a viable alternative energy source, but has yet to be achieved. A key step on the way to ignition is to have the energy generated through fusion reactions in an inertially confined fusion plasma exceed the amount of energy deposited into the deuterium-tritium fusion fuel and hotspot during the implosion process, resulting in a fuel gain greater than unity. Here we report the achievement of fusion fuel gains exceeding unity on the US National Ignition Facility using a 'high-foot' implosion method, which is a manipulation of the laser pulse shape in a way that reduces instability in the implosion. These experiments show an order-of-magnitude improvement in yield performance over past deuterium-tritium implosion experiments. We also see a significant contribution to the yield from α-particle self-heating and evidence for the 'bootstrapping' required to accelerate the deuterium-tritium fusion burn to eventually 'run away' and ignite.

733 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Feb 2009-Science
TL;DR: Three-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the collapse of a massive prestellar core are presented and it is found that radiation pressure does not halt accretion, but the instabilities that allow accretion to continue lead to small multiple systems.
Abstract: Massive stars produce so much light that the radiation pressure they exert on the gas and dust around them is stronger than their gravitational attraction, a condition that has long been expected to prevent them from growing by accretion. We present three-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the collapse of a massive prestellar core and find that radiation pressure does not halt accretion. Instead, gravitational and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities channel gas onto the star system through nonaxisymmetric disks and filaments that self-shield against radiation while allowing radiation to escape through optically thin bubbles. Gravitational instabilities cause the disk to fragment and form a massive companion to the primary star. Radiation pressure does not limit stellar masses, but the instabilities that allow accretion to continue lead to small multiple systems.

648 citations