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M.M. Standish

Bio: M.M. Standish is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Biological membrane & Membrane. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 4450 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that as the surface charge of the lipid lamellae is increased, the amount of cation per μmle of lipid increases, and the phospholipid liquid crystalline structures appear to “bind” or “capture” cations.

4,341 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These studies support the concept that aqueous suspensions of phospholipids constitute valuable model systems, and suggest that the membrane-action of biologically active steroids result from their direct interaction with lipid, independent of polysaccharide, protein or active cell metabolism.

375 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The major criticism of the technique is that the precise composition of the “black” (bimolecular) membrane is in some doubt, since it has not been found possible to spread the membranes in the absence of a relatively large mole fraction of a “filler” hydrocarbon and of water insoluble solvents.
Abstract: The recognition that biological cells exploit the surface-active properties of lipids to define anatomical membranes has, in recent years, encouraged many workers to develop and study model systems based upon the orientation of lipids at interfaces (Bangham 1963). A considerable advance was made when Mueller, Rudin, TiTien and Wescott (1964) and Haydon (quoted in Taylor 1963), simultaneously and independently reported a technique for the preparation of isolated bimolecular lipid membranes separating two aqueous compartments. Such preparations, although some­what fickle, have enabled a variety of physical parameters to be measured. The technique lends itself pre-eminently to electrical studies of a.c. and d.c. resistances and of capacitance (Thompson 1966, Hanai, Haydon and Taylor 1964). The major criticism of the technique, however, is that the precise composition of the “black” (bimolecular) membrane is in some doubt, since it has not been found possible to spread the membranes in the absence of a relatively large mole fraction of a “filler” hydrocarbon and of water insoluble solvents. Indeed, according to Clements and Wilson (1962), if as little as 1 % of the lipid mass in a membrane contains non-polar compounds, e.g. chloroform, the membrane may be considered to be in a fully anaesthetized state. A further difficulty is encountered when lipid mixtures analogous to those present in biological membranes fail to produce useful membranes.

43 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that as the surface charge of the lipid lamellae is increased, the amount of cation per μmle of lipid increases, and the phospholipid liquid crystalline structures appear to “bind” or “capture” cations.

4,341 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lipidic nanoparticles are the first nanomedicine delivery system to make the transition from concept to clinical application, and they are now an established technology platform with considerable clinical acceptance.

3,497 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Perspective explores and explains the fundamental dogma of nanoparticle delivery to tumours and answers two central questions: ‘ how many nanoparticles accumulate in a tumour?’ and ‘how does this number affect the clinical translation of nanomedicines?'
Abstract: This Perspective explores and explains the fundamental dogma of nanoparticle delivery to tumours and answers two central questions: ‘how many nanoparticles accumulate in a tumour?’ and ‘how does this number affect the clinical translation of nanomedicines?’

3,335 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review focuses on recent progress important for the rational design of such nanoparticles and discusses the challenges to realizing the potential of nanoparticles.
Abstract: Engineered nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases; for example, by allowing the targeted delivery of a drug to particular subsets of cells. However, so far, such nanoparticles have not proved capable of surmounting all of the biological barriers required to achieve this goal. Nevertheless, advances in nanoparticle engineering, as well as advances in understanding the importance of nanoparticle characteristics such as size, shape and surface properties for biological interactions, are creating new opportunities for the development of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. This Review focuses on recent progress important for the rational design of such nanoparticles and discusses the challenges to realizing the potential of nanoparticles.

3,239 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2009-ACS Nano
TL;DR: This work focuses on the application of nanotechnology to drug delivery and highlights several areas of opportunity where current and emerging nanotechnologies could enable entirely novel classes of therapeutics.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is the engineering and manufacturing of materials at the atomic and molecular scale. In its strictest definition from the National Nanotechnology Initiative, nanotechnology refers to structures roughly in the 1−100 nm size regime in at least one dimension. Despite this size restriction, nanotechnology commonly refers to structures that are up to several hundred nanometers in size and that are developed by top-down or bottom-up engineering of individual components. Herein, we focus on the application of nanotechnology to drug delivery and highlight several areas of opportunity where current and emerging nanotechnologies could enable entirely novel classes of therapeutics.

2,783 citations