M. Postan

Bio: M. Postan is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Social history & Quantitative history. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 11 citations.

Social History of Engineering

Abstract: A Social History of Engineering By W. H. G. Armytage. Pp. 378. (Faber and Faber, 1961.) 42s.

A historical overview of recent developments in the search for a philosophy of engineering education

Abstract: The origins of this historical overview are summarized; namely, the substantial interest in philosophy and engineering and the application of philosophy to engineering education that has emerged in the last five years. Engineering faces a number of identity crises not least among them are on the one hand how it differs if at all from applied science, and on the other hand how it differs from technology. Related to this is the problem of the public identity of engineering and the influence that engineers are able to wield on public policy. Another crisis relates to the engineers role. Is an engineer a scientist or manager? A related question that has a special bearing on education is the relative status assigned to science when compared with design. Attempts to develop a philosophy of engineering are summarized. The argument that engineering educators should have a defensible philosophy of education is summarized, and the value of screening aims and objectives demonstrated. Arguments for teaching engineering students are summarized, more particularly those that advocate the teaching of the philosophical method as an aid to learning engineering on the one hand, and those that programs focused in one way or another on the teaching of philosophy per se. Finally, some recent developments in the teaching of ethics to engineering students are discussed and the recent interest in moral development following Kohlberg's theory is noted.

The Development of Costing in the British Chemical Industry, c. 1870 – c. 1940

Abstract: In order to add to a steadily growing body of knowledge on the development of costing in British firms during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper focuses on the chemical industry, one of the ‘new’ industries of the ‘second industrial revolution’. Through an examination of the archival records of a small sample of firms, the development of costing practice is examined and contrasted with the issues surrounding costing discussed in the relevant contemporary literature. The paper therefore throws light on the nature of the process of accounting change and, by examining an industry outside of the staple trades, such as coal or iron and steel, and mechanical engineering, provides a different perspective on the source of ideas surrounding certain costing techniques in Britain — not least, standard costing.

The Origins of Systemic Reform in American Higher Education, 1895–1920:

Abstract: Background/ContextThe traditional literature on the history of higher education in the United States focuses on linear explanations of the inexorable growth of the size, mission, and importance of ...

Implementing and operating the Portsmouth Block Mill, 1803–1812

Abstract: The Portsmouth Block Mill is a well-known early industrial concern, but little is known about its management and use. It was built in 1803 as part of Samuel Bentham’s reforms to naval administration and operations. Past research based on an analysis of the machinery considers the Mill as a ‘production line’. Newly found archival materials show staff numbers, hours, work assignments and output. These allow insights into the management of workers, machinery and materials along with insights into overall facility organization. These detailed analyses of the factory’s operations allow inferences about historic factory management practices more generally.