Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning methods and engineering of electrospun nanofibers to suit or enable various applications. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, materials, and applications. We begin with a brief introduction to the early history of electrospinning, followed by discussion of its principle and typical apparatus. We then discuss its renaissance over the past two decades as a powerful technology for the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures, and properties. Afterward, we discuss the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use as "smart" mats, filtration membranes, catalytic supports, energy harvesting/conversion/storage components, and photonic and electronic devices, as well as biomedical scaffolds. We highlight the most relevant and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers by focusing on the most representative examples. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development. At the end, we discuss approaches to the scale-up production of electrospun nanofibers and briefly discuss various types of commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers that have found widespread use in our everyday life.

Electrospinning and Electrospun Nanofibers: Methods, Materials, and Applications

Recent advances in electrospun carbon nanofibers and their application in electrochemical energy storage

Polyacrylonitrile-based nanofibers—A state-of-the-art review

Carbon nanofibers with diameters that fall into submicron and nanometer range have attracted growing attention in recent years due to their superior chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties in combination with their unique 1D nanostructures. Unlike catalytic synthesis, electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) followed by stabilization and carbonization has become a straightforward and convenient route to make continuous carbon nanofibers. This paper is a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review of the latest advances made in development and application of electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofibers. Our goal is to demonstrate an objective and overall picture of current research work on both functional carbon nanofibers and high-strength carbon nanofibers from the viewpoint of a materials scientist. Strategies to make a variety of carbon nanofibrous materials for energy conversion and storage, catalysis, sensor, adsorption/separation, and biomedical applications as well as attempts to achieve high-strength carbon nanofibers are addressed.

A review: carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile and their applications

Electrospinning synthesis of C/Fe3O4 composite nanofibers and their application for high performance lithium-ion batteries

A review of heat treatment on polyacrylonitrile fiber

The objective of this research is to produce and characterize PAN fibers in order to produce high performance carbon fibers The PAN fiber was produced using a simple dry - wet spinning process where the polymer solution was extruded through an air gap following by coagulation process The formation of PAN fiber was controlled by coagulation temperature inside the bath and the jet stretch Low coagulation bath temperature was responsible to retard the coagulation rate and controlling the diffision of solvent and non-solvent inside and at the surface of the PAN fiber Stretching was applied to the as-spun fiber in order to align the molecular chain along the axis thus increases the crystallinity of PAN fiber and to help in raising the Young's modulus The crystallinity of PAN fiber was determined using X-ray diffraction The mechanical properties of PAN fiber such as Young's modulus and tensile strength were examined in order to investigate the effect of coagulation bath temperature and jet stretch The PAN fiber produced at a 15 C coagulation bath and 3 jet stretches exhibited the highest tensile strength and Young's Modulus of 096 GPa and 521 GPa respectively

M. S. A. Rahaman

Papers

A review of heat treatment on polyacrylonitrile fiber

The Effect Of Coagulation Bath Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of PAN-Based Carbon Fiber