Effect of concentrate organic manure (wellgrow grain and wellgrow soil) and NPK improved the growth and yield of wheat Significant improvement in terms of growth parameters like plant height, tillers, dry matter production and productive tillers with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha and at par with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha, treatment receiving 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha resulted maximum grain yield (4545 kg /ha) Treatment of 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha maintained higher straw yield (5715 kg/ha) and test weight (4410 g) due to application of 100 % NPK along with 200 kg wellgrow soil/ha whereas it was at par with application of 75 and 100% NPK with both levels of wellgrow formulation DOI: http://dxdoiorg/103329/bjbv44i122738 Bangladesh J Bot 44 (1): 143-146, 2015 (March)

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Residual impact of wellgrow formulation and npk on growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)

Depletion of soil fertility is a main problem to sustain agricultural production and productivity in many countries. The use of inorganic or organic fertilizer alone has both positive and negative effects on plant growth, nutrient availa-bility and the soil. Organic fertilizer improves physical and biological activities of soil but they have comparatively low in nutrient content, so larger quantity is required for plant growth. However, inorganic fertilizer is usually immediately and fast containing all necessary nutrients that are directly accessible for plants. But continuous use of inorganic fertilizers alone causes soil organic matter: degradation, soil acidity and environmental pollution. So the integrated nutrient management system is an alternative system for the sustainable and cost-effective management of soil fertility by combined apply of inorganic with organic materials resulting in rising soil fertility and productivity without affecting environment. The objective of the present review is to assess the effect of mixing organic with inorganic fertilizer on soil fertility and productivity. The study revealed that appropriate application of organic with inorganic fertilizers increases the productivity without negative effect on yield quality and improves soil fertility than the values obtained by organic or inorganic fertilizers separately.

Review on: The Effect of Mixing Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Productivity and Soil Fertility

Lignocellulosic biofuel has been globally recognized as a renewable energy source with environmental benefits while minimizing the competition between food and fuel supply. Although lignocellulose is a promising renewable feedstock for the sustainable production of transportation fuels, cost-effective conversion technologies are necessary to overcome its inherent recalcitrance that impedes the widespread utilization of lignocellulosic biofuels. Owing to the limited availability of cost-effective and less recalcitrant biomass, the major challenge toward biofuel commercialization includes the biochemical and genetic modification of lignocellulose in energy crops. The development of robust microbial conversion systems capable of converting a broad spectrum of carbon sources derived from biomass feedstocks into a variety of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, and advanced drop-in biofuels is also of interest in the field of biorefinery. To date, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have made significant advances in improving the biofuel yield in feedstocks and microbial engineering. The objective of this review is to discuss the technological advances in engineering lignocellulosic biomass as an economically attractive feedstock and robust microbial platforms as a powerful biofuel producer. Finally, integrating engineering strategies and efforts in plant and microbial engineering provides future directions of an interdisciplinary approach to facilitate the commercialization of economically feasible lignocellulosic biofuels.

Recent advances and future directions in plant and yeast engineering to improve lignocellulosic biofuel production

Fruit waste contains several bioactive components such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and numerous other phytochemicals, including pigments. Furthermore, new financial opportunities are created by using fruit ‘leftovers’ as a basis for bioactivities that may serve as new foods or food ingredients, strengthening the circular economy’s properties. From a technical standpoint, organic phenolic substances have become more appealing to industry, in addition to their application as nutritional supplements or functional meals. Several extraction methods for recovering phenolic compounds from fruit waste have already been published, most of which involve using different organic solvents. However, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable techniques that result in phenolic-rich extracts with little ecological impact. Utilizing these new and advanced green extraction techniques will reduce the global crisis caused by fruit waste management. Using modern techniques, fruit residue is degraded to sub-zero scales, yielding bio-based commodities such as bioactive elements. This review highlights the most favorable and creative methods of separating bioactive materials from fruit residue. Extraction techniques based on environmentally friendly technologies such as bioreactors, enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and their combination are specifically covered.

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The Disposition of Bioactive Compounds from Fruit Waste, Their Extraction, and Analysis Using Novel Technologies: A Review

The production of active and biodegradable packaging materials is an emerging and efficient alternative to plastic packaging materials. By combining poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), pectin, and itaconic acid (IA), biodegradable and water-soluble packaging materials can be obtained that can also increase the shelf-life and quality of foodstuff. In the present study, the generated film-forming solutions were enriched with organic or phenolic extracts from apple by-products (apple pomace). These extracts possess an efficient antioxidant activity of 9.70 ± 0.08, and 78.61 ± 0.24 μM Trolox/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Furthermore, the lyophilization of these by-products increased the extract’s organic and phenolic content and the antioxidant activity to 67.45 ± 0.28 and 166.69 ± 0.47 μM Trolox/100 g fresh weight, respectively. These extracts influence the physical-chemical properties of the biofilm solutions by facilitating the polymerization process and thus positively influencing their viscosity. The resulting biofilms presented low water vapor permeability and reduced solubility in water. Adding IA and organic/phenolic compounds facilitates the resistance against intrinsic and extrinsic factors; therefore, they might be applicable in the food industry.

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Development of Pectin and Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Active Packaging Enriched with Itaconic Acid and Apple Pomace-Derived Antioxidants

Recently, the interest in organic farming is increasing among the researchers and farmers due to the advent of high yielding cultivars and escalating fertilizer prices. Application of different organic manures in combination with inorganic fertilizer to wheat crop might give a substitute under field condition. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2007-09) with the objective to find out the best combination and type of organic and inorganic fertilizers for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were: control (T1, no manure), departmental recommendation 128+114+62 NPK Kg ha -1 (T2), farmyard manure @ 10 tons ha -1 at time of seed bed preparation (T3), poultry manure @ 6 tons ha -1 + 128-114-62 Kg ha -1 NPK (T4). At maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike and grain yield from 1m 2 area of randomly selected plants were recorded. Results led to the conclusion that T4 gave the best result with combination of 6 t/ha poultry manure + 128-114-62 kg ha NPK.

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Effect of organic manures with recommended dose of NPK on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Agro-industrial by-products of fruits have turned into an essential source of bioactive products. This study examined the effect of freeze-drying on apple pomace powder (APP) and pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and their utilization in functional yogurt development at different concentrations. Freeze-dried powders in functional yogurt were investigated by chemical profile and bioactive characterization of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The highest concentration of TPC (4.64) mg GAE/g, TFC (1.73 ± 0.00) CE mg/g, and antioxidant activity (83.87 ± 0.02) % was investigated in the yogurt sample T6, having the maximum amount of PPP in it, which was significantly higher compared to the treatments having APP. Yogurt samples were analyzed for their sensory attributes, which showed a decline with the increase in both APP and PPP concentrations in contrast by introducing the optimum levels of APP and PPP (3% or 6%); hence, no significant loss in sensory profile was found as compared to the control samples. The results were found to be significant at the level (
 
 p
 <
 0.05
 
 ). In terms of the freeze-dried APP and PPP results, the APP samples had the most complete chemical composition, with the exception of fiber and ash concentration. Treatments of functional yogurt were prepared for their physicochemical profile, which demonstrated a straight proportionate relationship between the proportions of both powders in the meantime. Protein and fat levels were likely to decrease as both dry powder levels increased. Hence, apple pomace and pomegranate peel can be used after freeze-drying as a rich source of bioactive compounds in functional yogurt in the food industry.

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Effect of Freeze-Drying on Apple Pomace and Pomegranate Peel Powders Used as a Source of Bioactive Ingredients for the Development of Functional Yogurt

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the most perishable crops worldwide grown due to its rich nutritional quality and good market value. It is less attentive crop as compared to major crops.  There is need to explore the genetic diversity among the tomato germplasm, to create resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Without the genetic variationreeding program remains infective. One most important method to create variation in plants is the use of mutagenesis in plant breeding. To create more variation mutation breeding can be used in tomatoes. Improvement of plant varieties either through conventional or non-conventional breeding is the main objective of the plant breeders but parental varieties with unusual features are usually produced by mutagenesis at first stage and later subjected to breeding experiments to produce more stable and modified plant lines.

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M. S. Ahmed

Papers

Effect of organic manures with recommended dose of NPK on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Effect of Freeze-Drying on Apple Pomace and Pomegranate Peel Powders Used as a Source of Bioactive Ingredients for the Development of Functional Yogurt

The Use of Mutagenesis to Create Genetic Variation in Tomato Crop