Scaffolds composed of biodegradable polymers and biocompatible ceramics are being used as substitutes for tissue engineering. In the development of such techniques, scaffolds with a controllable pore size and porosity were manufactured using solid free-form fabrication (SFF) methods to investigate the effects of cell interactions such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we describe the adhesion of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and proliferation characteristics of various scaffolds, which consist of biodegradable materials, fabricated using a multi-head deposition system (MHDS) that we developed. The MHDS uses novel technology that enables the production of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. Fabrication of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds using the MHDS requires the combination of several technologies, such as motion control, thermal control, pneumatic control and computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing software. The effects of a polymer and ceramic on a tissue scaffold were evaluated through mechanical testing and cell interaction analysis of various kinds of scaffolds fabricated using polycaprolactone, poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and tri-calcium phosphate for bone regeneration applications. Based on these results, the feasibility of application to the tissue engineering of SFF-based 3D scaffolds fabricated by the MHDS was demonstrated.

https://robots.iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1758-5082/1/1/015002/pdf

Cell adhesion and proliferation evaluation of SFF-based biodegradable scaffolds fabricated using a multi-head deposition system.

Within the past two decades polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has gained considerable attention as a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that is suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this present study, we have investigated the potential of PLGA, collagen I (ColI), and polyurethane (PU) scaffolds for ligament tissue regeneration. Two different ratios of PLGA (50:50 and 85:15) were used to determine the effects on mechanical tensile properties and cell adhesion. The Young's modulus, tensile stress at yield, and ultimate tensile strain of PLGA(50:50)-ColI-PU scaffolds demonstrated similar tensile properties to that of ligaments found in the knee. Whereas, scaffolds composed of PLGA(85:15)-ColI-PU had lower tensile properties than that of ligaments. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of fiber orientation on mechanical properties and our results indicate that aligned fiber scaffolds demonstrate higher tensile properties than scaffolds with random fiber orientation. Also, human fibroblasts attached and proliferated with no need for additional surface modifications to the presented electrospun scaffolds in both categories. Collectively, our investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of electrospun PLGA scaffolds as a suitable candidate for regenerative medicine, capable of being manipulated and combined with other polymers to create three-dimensional microenvironments with adjustable tensile properties to mimic native tissues. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 39–46, 2015.

Effect of fiber orientation of collagen‐based electrospun meshes on human fibroblasts for ligament tissue engineering applications

(1984). Solid State Reactions - Theoretical and Experimental Aspects. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 10, No. 8-9, pp. 1175-1276.

Solid State Reactions - Theoretical and Experimental Aspects

Recent developments in tissue-engineering techniques allow physicians to treat a range of previously untreatable conditions. In the development of such techniques, scaffolds with a controllable pore size and porosity have been manufactured using solid free-form fabrication methods to investigate cell interaction effects such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we describe the fabrication of scaffolds from two types of biodegradable materials using a precision deposition system that we developed. The precision deposition system uses technology that enables the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. The fabrication of 3D tissue-engineering scaffolds using the precision deposition system required the combination of several technologies, including motion control, thermal control, pneumatic control and CAD/CAM software. Through the fabrication and cell interaction analysis of two kinds of scaffolds using polycaprolactone and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid, feasibility of application to the tissue engineering of the developed SFF-based precision deposition system is demonstrated.

Fabrication of a SFF-based three-dimensional scaffold using a precision deposition system in tissue engineering

(1984). Stability Aspects of Preformulation and Formulation of Solid Pharmaceuticals. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 10, No. 8-9, pp. 1373-1412.

M. Satyanarayana

Papers

Kinetic studies of mixed powder compact system between zinc oxide and aluminium oxide

Diffusion and reaction in solids

Solid state reaction of mixed powder compacts of succinic anhydride and paranitraniline