Maarten J. M. van Son

Bio: Maarten J. M. van Son is an academic researcher from Utrecht University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Depression (differential diagnoses) & Borderline personality disorder. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 39 publications receiving 2745 citations.

Psychopathology and psychological problems in patients with burn scars: epidemiology and management.

Abstract: deep dermal injury are cosmetically disfiguring and force the scarred person to deal with an alteration in body appearance In addition, the traumatic nature of the burn accident and the painful treatment may induce psychopathological responses Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which are prevalent in 13–23% and 13–45% of cases, respectively, have been the most common areas of research in burn patients Risk factors related to depression

Expressed emotion and the prediction of outcome in adolescent eating disorders.

Abstract: Objective This study examines whether parental Expressed Emotion (EE) ratings, based on the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), are predictive of the course of illness in a sample of Dutch families with an adolescent eating disorder patient. Levels of EE at first assessment and at the termination of treatment are reported. Method: The study was designed as a prospective follow-up study and involved 49 adolescent eating disorder patients (DSM-III-R) and their parents. Patient and family assessments were conducted at intake (T1), at the termination of treatment (T2), and at follow-up (T3) 1 year later. The Morgan-Russell Outcome Assessment Schedule, which was adjusted to accommodate bulimics, yielded the average outcome score (AOS) which served as our outcome measure. Results: The levels of parental EE at first assessment were low. During the treatment period the levels decreased further. We used a stepwise multiple regression analysis, with the parental EE variables as independent variables, to predict the AOS at T2 and T3. This way we showed that the mothers' Critical Comments (CC) rating explained 28 to 34% of the outcome variance. The mothers' CC rating was also the best predictor of outcome when compared to other possible predictor variables. Discussion: The results underscore the importance of involving the family in the treatment of adolescent eating disorders. Specific attention should be given to the mother's thoughts, feelings, and behavior concerning her ill daughter. Helping the mother and daughter to differentiate and separate through a constructive noncritical approach to the presenting problems may be a crucial factor in breaking through the perpetuating cycle of criticism and illness. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Using Multivariate Statistics

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Reliability and validity

Abstract: Definition: To what extent does the study allow us to draw conclusions about a causal effect between two or more constructs? Issues: Selection, maturation, history, mortality, testing, regression towrd the mean, selection by maturation, treatment by mortality, treatment by testing, measured treatment variables Increase: Eliminate the threats, above all do experimental manipulations, random assignment, and counterbalancing.

Linking "big" personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: We performed a quantitative review of associations between the higher order personality traits in the Big Three and Big Five models (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, disinhibition, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) and specific depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders (SUD) in adults. This approach resulted in 66 meta-analyses. The review included 175 studies published from 1980 to 2007, which yielded 851 effect sizes. For a given analysis, the number of studies ranged from three to 63 (total sample size ranged from 1,076 to 75,229). All diagnostic groups were high on neuroticism (mean Cohen's d = 1.65) and low on conscientiousness (mean d = -1.01). Many disorders also showed low extraversion, with the largest effect sizes for dysthymic disorder (d = -1.47) and social phobia (d = -1.31). Disinhibition was linked to only a few conditions, including SUD (d = 0.72). Finally, agreeableness and openness were largely unrelated to the analyzed diagnoses. Two conditions showed particularly distinct profiles: SUD, which was less related to neuroticism but more elevated on disinhibition and disagreeableness, and specific phobia, which displayed weaker links to all traits. Moderator analyses indicated that epidemiologic samples produced smaller effects than patient samples and that Eysenck's inventories showed weaker associations than NEO scales. In sum, we found that common mental disorders are strongly linked to personality and have similar trait profiles. Neuroticism was the strongest correlate across the board, but several other traits showed substantial effects independent of neuroticism. Greater attention to these constructs can significantly benefit psychopathology research and clinical practice.

Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes.

Abstract: Depression is the leading cause of diseaserelated disability among women. In particular, women of childbearing age are at high risk for major depression. Pregnancy and new motherhood may increase the risk of depressive episodes. Depression during the perinatal period can have devastating consequences, not only for the women experiencing it but also for the women’s children and family. Perinatal depression encompasses major and minor depressive episodes that occur either during pregnancy or within the first 12 months following delivery. When referring to depression in this population, researchers and clinicians frequently have not been clear about whether they are referring to major depression alone or to both major and minor depression. Major depression is a distinct clinical syndrome for which treatment is clearly indicated, whereas the definition and management of minor depression are less clear. In this report, we refer to major depression alone by identifying it discretely as major depression. Minor depression is an impairing, yet less severe, constellation of depressive symptoms for which controlled trials have not consistently indicated whether or not particular interventions are more effective than placebo. In this report, we refer to this grouping as major or minor depression or by the more general terms “depression” or “depressive illness.” Perinatal depression, whether one is referring to major depression alone or to either major or minor depression, often goes unrecognized because many of the discomforts of pregnancy and the puerperium are similar to symptoms of depression. Another mental disorder that can occur in the perinatal period is postpartum psychosis. Unlike postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis is a relatively rare event with a range of estimated incidence of 1.1 to 4.0 cases per 1,000 deliveries. The onset of postpartum psychosis is usually acute, within the first 2 weeks of delivery, and appears to be more common in women with a strong family history of bipolar or schizoaffective disorder. Postpartum psychosis is an important disorder in its own right, but it is not addressed specifically in this report. The precise level of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression is uncertain. Published estimates of the rate of major and minor depression in the postpartum period range widely—from 5 percent to more than 25 percent of new mothers, depending on the assessment method, the timing of the assessment, and population characteristics. In addition, although many screening instruments have been developed or modified to detect major and minor depression in pregnant and newly delivered women, the evidence on their screening accuracy relative to a reference standard has yet to be systematically reviewed and assessed. Evidence on the effectiveness of screening all pregnant women and providing a preventive intervention to those scoring at high risk has not been systematically investigated and evaluated either. To address these gaps, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), in collaboration with the Safe Motherhood Group (SMG), commissioned this evidence report from the RTI International-University of North Carolina’s (RTI-UNC’s) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) for a systematic review of the evidence on three questions related to perinatal depression. These questions address the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression, the accuracy of screening instruments for Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 119