Ultrathin hydrothermal carbonation carbon (HTCC)-coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) composites with HTCC coating thicknesses between 0.62 and 4.38 nm were fabricated as novel, efficient, and magnetically recyclable photocatalysts via a facile, green approach. The CoFe2O4/HTCC composites showed high magnetization and low coercivity, which favored magnetic separation for reuse. The results show that the close coating of HTCC on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles enhanced electron transfer and charge separation, leading to a significant improvement in photocatalytic efficiency. The composites exhibited superior photocatalytic inactivation toward Escherichia coli K-12 under visible-light irradiation, with the complete inactivation of 7 log10 cfu·mL–1 of bacterial cells within 60 min. The destruction of bacterial cell membranes was monitored by field-effect scanning electron microscopy analysis and fluorescence microscopic images. The bacterial inactivation mechanism was investigated in a scavenger study, and •O2, H2O2, and h...

Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Bacterial Inactivation by Ultrathin Carbon-Coated Magnetic Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

Bilateral breast cancer

Synthesis of CoFe2O4 powders with high surface area by solution combustion method: Effect of fuel content and cobalt precursor

Glass and glass-ceramic materials containing photoactive and magnetic crystalline phases were prepared from Fe2O3 and Bi2O3 using the conventional melt method. All samples were characterized in ter...

Bi2O3–BiFeO3 Glass-Ceramic: Controllable β-/γ-Bi2O3 Transformation and Application as Magnetic Solar-Driven Photocatalyst for Water Decontamination

Obtaining TiO2:CoFe2O4 nanocatalyst by Pechini method for diuron degradation and mineralization

Impact of ignition temperature on particle size and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by self-propagated MILD combustion technique

Purpose: Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan quality, beam on time and integral dose were compared using 6MV FB (Flattened Beam) and FFFB (Flattening filter free beam) for carcinoma of cervix Materials and Methods: Ten patients with stage II–IIIB cervix cancer (CaCx) were retrospectively identified from the department database Target volume (TV) and organ at risk (OAR) were delineated as per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) cancer guidelines Dose prescribed to planning target volume (PTV) was 504Gy in 28 fractions Two plans (6MV FB IMRT and 6MV FFFB IMRT) were generated to achieve 95% of prescription dose to PTV and sparing OAR as per normal tissue guidelines Numbers of beams and their orientations were the same for all plans The homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), treatment monitor unit (MU), beam on time (BOT) and non-tumor integral dose (NTID) were chosen for comparison Results: FFFB generated plans were clinically acceptable There was a statistically significant difference among the FB IMRT and FFFB IMRT plans with respect to CI, HI, D50%, D2% in PTV coverage, bladder V50Gy, MU, mean NTID and non-tumor low dose volume Conclusions: 6MV flattened and flattening filter free photon beams produce comparable plans by IMRT  FFF beams allow time efficient treatment delivery and may help reduce the risk of secondary malignances in carcinoma cervix cases

http://journal.waocp.org/article_57703_4a15cf8240b7c3db7a582e7e828e08a6.pdf

Comparative Evaluation of a 6MV Flattened Beam and a Flattening Filter Free Beam for Carcinoma of Cervix – IMRT Planning Study

Aim: To evaluate the plan quality of 6MV unflattened (UFB) and flattened beam (FB) photon energy using AAA dose calculation algorithms for volumetric arc therapy. Materials and Methods: Plans were generated for bilateral carcinoma of breast and the dose prescribed was 50.4Gy in 28 fractions. Two different plans were made for each patient using 6MV FB and 6MV UFB. Dose calculations were performed on an AAA dose calculation algorithm. Plans were generated on Eclipse TPS and were capable of being delivered with a true beam STx linear accelerator. The homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), normal tissue integral dose (NTID), and effect of low dose volume on normal tissue and monitor units (MU) were noted. Results: All the plans were clinically acceptable. The HI and CI of 6MV UF rapid arc (RA) plans were higher than with the 6MV FB plan (1.16±0.05 and 0.12±0.00 respectively). There was no appreciable difference observed in Organ at risk (OAR) doses. The mean NTID and low dose volume were significantly low with 6MV RA UFB as compared to FB. 6MV RA UFB required a 35% higher MU than with the 6MV RA plan (p<0.05). Conclusion: RA plans generated with UFB on Eclipse TPS achieved target volume coverage and preserved OAR’s essentially similar to 6MV RA FB plans. However RA plans generated in Varian Eclipse of UFB were superior with respect to mean NTID and low dose volumes in normal tissue.

http://journal.waocp.org/article_46441_d71f5add4cabd9cecfbedfbeec6ce4c1.pdf

Treatment Planning With Unflattened as Compared to Flattened Beams for Bilateral Carcinoma of the Breast

Aim: To compare the dosimetric performance of flattening filter-free (FFF) beam and flattened beams (FBs) utilising volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) planning. Materials and Methods:
 Five medulloblastoma patients were randomly selected retrospectively and 40 plans were generated. The dose prescription to the planning target volume (PTV) was 36 Gy in 20 fractions. VMAT plans were created using 6 MV and 10 MV FB and FFF beam. Final dose calculations were performed using Acuros XB (AXB) and analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA). Dosimetric parameters such as D98%, D95%, D50%, V110%, conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), low-grade dose index, high-grade dose index, dose to the organ at risks (OARs) and normal tissue mean dose were noted. The effect of low-dose volume on normal tissue was also analysed. Results:
 The 6 MV and 10 MV flattened and FFF beam plan generates similar target coverage, and a significant difference was observed in the HI and CI. FFF beam plan produces lower doses in some of the OARs as compared to FB. Significant differences were also noted in monitor unit (MU), body-PTV mean dose and low-dose spillage regions (1–10 Gy) outside the PTV. In our study, 6 MV and 10 MV FFF beam beams need 23–25% more MUs to achieve planning goals when compared to FBs. The increased MUs in FFF plan decreases the body-PTV mean dose (0·07–0·09 Gy in 6 MV FFF and 0·31 Gy in 10 MV FFF in both algorithms) when compared to FB plans. Conclusion:
 FFF beams generate a highly conformal and homogenous plan in CSI cases. FFF beam plan reduced the non-tumour dose and will aid in reducing the probability of second malignancies.

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy in craniospinal irradiation: a dosimetric analysis of acuros XB and analytical anisotropic algorithm comparing flattened and flattening filter-free beams with different energies

Madeswaran Saminathan

Papers

Impact of ignition temperature on particle size and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by self-propagated MILD combustion technique

Comparative Evaluation of a 6MV Flattened Beam and a Flattening Filter Free Beam for Carcinoma of Cervix – IMRT Planning Study

Treatment Planning With Unflattened as Compared to Flattened Beams for Bilateral Carcinoma of the Breast

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy in craniospinal irradiation: a dosimetric analysis of acuros XB and analytical anisotropic algorithm comparing flattened and flattening filter-free beams with different energies