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Hydraulic Control Systems

The headway of wind power generation is a great blessing to help meet up the electrical power demand day by day. The strongest challenges for wind energy conversion system (WECS) are to handle the intermittency of wind and to maintain the grid reliability. The power electronics and energy storage systems are essential elements of the WECS. This paper attempts to provide various new directions to the future wind energy researchers to improve the wind turbine aerodynamics, electric generators׳ configurations with improved control of power electronics and lower cost energy storage system for designing a reliable wind turbine generator system. This study will work as a guideline for the researchers to understand the development and requirement of a reliable and smart wind energy conversion system.

Future research directions for the wind turbine generator system

システムと制御 = Systems and control

Study on the application of energy storage system in offshore wind turbine with hydraulic transmission

Conventional wind power plants employ a variable speed gearbox to run a generator housed on top of a tower. A new topology can remove some of the weight from the tower and centralize the wind power generation. This new topology uses a hydraulic wind power transfer system to connect several wind turbines to the generation unit. This paper demonstrates a mathematical modeling of this wind power transfer technology and its dynamic behavior. The flow response, angular velocity, and pressure of the system obtained from the mathematical model are compared with test results to demonstrate the accuracy of the mathematical model. Several speed-step responses of the system obtained from the mathematical model demonstrate a close agreement with the results from the prototype of the hydraulic wind power transfer unit.

A Hydraulic Wind Power Transfer System: Operation and Modeling

Hydraulic circuits can transfer remarkable amounts of energy in the desired direction without taking large space. To implement this technology for harvesting the energy of wind appropriately, models of the system are required. Hydraulic wind power technology has the benefits of eliminating expensive and bulky variable ratio gearbox and its costly maintenance, while enabling the integration of multiple wind turbines in a single generation unit. In this paper, the dynamics of different hydraulic elements are studied, nonlinearities are taken into account, pressure dynamics in different parts of the system are studied, and the motor load effects are considered. Based on these considerations, a novel nonlinear state-space representation of the system is introduced. Results of the mathematical model and the experimental data are compared to verify the proposed model. The comparison demonstrated that the mathematical model captures all major characteristics of the hydraulic circuit and can model the system behavior under different operating conditions.

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Modeling of a Hydraulic Wind Power Transfer Utilizing a Proportional Valve

The structure of hydraulic wind power plants involves one or several high-pressure hydraulic pumps and a central power generation unit to combine the energy from wind turbines. As the wind speed drops, the energy generation may not be significant enough to run the main generator. Therefore, an auxiliary generator generates power for the storage devices. The system operation at low wind speed is highly nonlinear, as the power generation is not significant. This paper introduces a nonlinear model of hydraulic elements and offers the nonlinear dynamics of system operation at low speed. Nonlinear state-space representation of the hydraulic wind energy transfer is presented and validated by experimental implementations.

Hydraulic Wind Power Plants: A Nonlinear Model of Low Wind Speed Operation

Hydraulic wind turbines are highly nonlinear and work severely under variable disturbances such as load on the generators and the wind speed. For further analysis control implementation on these types of systems a suitable linearized model is needed. Due to the disturbances, the system has a wide range of operating points. Therefore, linearized models on different operating regimes will be needed. Finding the best operating points, to linearize the nonlinear system at, can improve the accuracy of the linearization as well as the stability of the system. This paper propose a new automatic algorithm to indicate the suitable operating points and linearized models.

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A model linearization technique for hydraulic wind power systems

High-pressure hydraulic systems have shown low efficiency in wind power transfer when interface a single-turbine to a ground-level generator. This paper demonstrates that using a central generation unit for a group of wind turbines and transferring the power of each turbine through hydraulic system increases the efficiency of overall system by 17% reaching maximum efficiency of 90.7%The efficiency enhancement depends on the rotational speed of the hydraulic pumps. Therefore, it is proven that the multiple-turbine hydraulic power transfer system reaches higher efficiencies at lower rotational speed as much as 11.83%. This suggests that the variable speed gearbox can be eliminated from the wind powertrains if multiple turbines are connected to the central generation unit. Computer simulations and experimental results are provided to quantify the efficiency enhancements obtained by adding the second wind turbine hydraulic pump to the system. Adding more wind turbines enhances the integrated hydraulic wind systems' power delivery profile and efficiency.

Majid Deldar

Papers

A Hydraulic Wind Power Transfer System: Operation and Modeling

Modeling of a Hydraulic Wind Power Transfer Utilizing a Proportional Valve

Hydraulic Wind Power Plants: A Nonlinear Model of Low Wind Speed Operation

A model linearization technique for hydraulic wind power systems

Efficiency analysis of hydraulic wind power transfer system