VERY few veterinary surgeons have thought fit to write a book on diseases of poultry. Mr. Ernest Gray has done justice to the subject and is to be congratulated on his effort. A book of this size, written by one with specialized knowledge, will add to the value of any library or private bookshelf. Diseases of Poultry Their Aetiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control; with a Section on the Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Fowl. By Ernest Gray. (Lockwood's Agricultural and Horticultural Handbooks.) Pp. x + 198 + 16 plates. (London: Crosby Lockwood and Son, Ltd., 1940.) 9s. 6d. net.

Diseases of Poultry

/pdf/a-toll-like-receptor-recognizes-bacterial-dna-2lif1icvoq.pdf

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: An advisory statement from the national surgical infection prevention project

High-impact weather events, such as severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes, cause significant disruptions to infrastructure, property loss, and even fatalities. High-impact events can also positively impact society, such as the impact on savings through renewable energy. Prediction of these events has improved substantially with greater observational capabilities, increased computing power, and better model physics, but there is still significant room for improvement. Artificial intelligence (AI) and data science technologies, specifically machine learning and data mining, bridge the gap between numerical model prediction and real-time guidance by improving accuracy. AI techniques also extract otherwise unavailable information from forecast models by fusing model output with observations to provide additional decision support for forecasters and users. In this work, we demonstrate that applying AI techniques along with a physical understanding of the environment can significantly improve ...

/pdf/using-artificial-intelligence-to-improve-real-time-decision-1dx1ehcrjy.pdf

Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Real-Time Decision-Making for High-Impact Weather

Recent data have reported that the burden of infections related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the European Union and European Economic Area (EEA) can be estimated as the cumulative burden of tuberculosis, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In wound management, the control of infections represents a crucial issue and a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. For diabetic wounds ulcers, in particular, infections are related to the majority of amputations in diabetic patients, which today represent an increasing number of the elderly. The greatest barrier to healing is represented by the biofilm, an organized consortium of bacteria encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance with high resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies. There is an urgent need for novel anti-biofilm strategies and novel antimicrobial agents and, in this scenario, silver nanotechnology has received tremendous attention in recent years in therapeutically enhanced healthcare. Due to its intrinsic therapeutic properties and the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, silver nanoparticles have opened new horizons towards novel approaches in the control of infections in wound healing. This review aims at providing the reader with an overview of the most recent progress in silver nanotechnology, with a special focus on the role of silver in the wound healing process.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/16/2540/pdf

Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Application: Progress and Future Trends

Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis based on polymorphism of the coagulase gene in the north west of Iran

In this study, polysulfonn nanofibers were electrospun and effects of electrospinning parameters including applied voltage and tip-to-collector distance on the morphology of electrospun PSf nanofibers were investigated by SEM. SEM images of electrospun nanofibers showed that morphology and diameter of the nanofibres were mainly affected by applied voltage. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermo-gravimetric/differential scanning calorimeter analysis were used for investigate the chemical and thermal properties of PSf nanofibers, respectively. The applied voltage and tip-to-collector distance were all shown to have varying effects on fiber diameter and fiber uniformity. Increasing the applied voltage results in increases the surface charge of the jet and helps to reduce the frequency of occurrence of beads. It has shown that tip-to-collector distance directly affects spinnability and fiber diameter and at very low distance (5cm) droplets were formed due to the electro-spraying.

/pdf/investigation-on-the-morphological-characteristics-of-33osugp4ad.pdf

Investigation on the morphological characteristics of nanofiberous membrane as electrospun in the different processing parameters

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves are frequently used in biomedical informatics research to evaluate classification and prediction models to support decision, diagnosis, and prognosis. ROC analysis investigates the accuracy of models and has ability to separate positive from negative cases. It is especially useful in evaluating predictive models and compare to other tests which produce output values in a continuous range. Empirical ROC curve is jagged but a true ROC curve is smooth. For this purpose kernel smoothing were used. The Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) frequently is used as a measure of the effectiveness of diagnostic markers. In this study we compare estimation of this area based on normal assumptions and kernel smoothing. This study used measurements of TSH from patients and non-diseased people of congenital hypothyroidism screening in Isfahan province. Using the method, TSH ROC curves from Isfahani's infants were fitted. For evaluating of accuracy of this test, AUC and its standard error calculated. Also effectiveness of the kernel methods in comparison to other methods showed. Keyword: Kernel Smoothing-ROC Curve-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

/pdf/kernel-smoothing-for-roc-curve-and-estimation-for-thyroid-36difyyz5g.pdf

Kernel Smoothing For ROC Curve And Estimation For Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Background: The emergence and propagation of different phylogenetic groups of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli have become a worldwide health concern in human and veterinary medicine. Therefore, the evaluation of the phylogenetic distribution of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is important for therapeutic and economic purposes. The aims of this study were to determine phylogenetic groups and patterns of antibiotic resistance of E. coli strains isolated from human urinary tract infection and avian colibacillosis. Methods: A total of 50 E. coli isolates (25 from human urinary tract infection and 25 from avian colibacillosis) were characterized by culture and assigned as different phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) by triplex PCR assay. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the susceptibility of all isolates to ten antibiotics. Results: Results showed that the majority of the human and poultry isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A and B2 and phylogenetic group B1 of the avian pathogenic strain isolates were the most drug-resistant isolates. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least five antibiotics, and multiple drug resistance was observed in 98% of E. coli isolates. A high degree of resistance was seen against penicillin and erythromycin. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, multidrug-resistance among isolates and high relation between phylogenetic groups and resistance in both human and poultry isolates were observed . Iran. Biomed. J. 18 (4): 219-224, 2014

/pdf/antibiotic-resistance-pattern-of-different-escherichia-coli-4r5wsh7o4z.pdf

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Different Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Groups Isolated from Human Urinary Tract Infection and Avian Colibacillosis

The aim of this study was to compare the detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in raw milk samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with detection by cultural methods. A total of 100 milk samples were collected from individual cattle in industrial dairy herds in Urmia, Iran. DNA was extracted from all samples directly. PCR amplifications were performed with a pair of primers specific for the coa gene of S. aureus. In order to isolate S. aureus by cultural methods, bacteriological examinations were done on all samples. Of the 100 milk samples tested, 14% were positive on the basis of the cultural results while 21% of the samples were positive using amplification of the coa gene. There were no culture positive samples that were negative using PCR. PCR amplification of the coa gene could be used as a powerful tool for the identification of S. aureus in milk samples.

Malahat Ahmadi

Papers

Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis based on polymorphism of the coagulase gene in the north west of Iran

Investigation on the morphological characteristics of nanofiberous membrane as electrospun in the different processing parameters

Kernel Smoothing For ROC Curve And Estimation For Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Different Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Groups Isolated from Human Urinary Tract Infection and Avian Colibacillosis

Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk by PCR