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Malcolm L. H. Green

Bio: Malcolm L. H. Green is an academic researcher from University of Oxford. The author has contributed to research in topics: Carbon nanotube & Cyclopentadienyl complex. The author has an hindex of 82, co-authored 800 publications receiving 31121 citations. Previous affiliations of Malcolm L. H. Green include Gas Technology Institute & University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1994-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, a general method that allows carbon nanotubes to be opened at the end and filled with a variety of metal oxides using wet chemical techniques is described, which might find applications in catalysis, separation and storage technology and in the development of materials with new magnetic and electrical properties.
Abstract: SINCE carbon nanotubes1 were first synthesized in macroscopic quantities2, it has become possible to explore their physical and chemical characteristics. There has been much speculation3 about the properties of materials encapsulated within the tubes, but experimental studies of this issue require a reliable means of open-ing and filling the tubes. Various approaches have been developed for opening up4–6 the tube ends and encapsulating material4,6,7, but these work only for a limited range of materials or in low yield. Here we describe a general method that allows carbon nanotubes to be opened at the end and filled with a variety of metal oxides using wet chemical techniques. We anticipate that this method will lead to extensive study of the chemistry and physics of filled nanotubes, which might find applications in catalysis, separation and storage technology and in the development of materials with new magnetic and electrical properties.

1,245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that carbon-hydrogen bonds may act as ligands to transition metal centers forming covalent CH⇀M systems in which the H group donates two electrons to the metal.

1,098 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of agostic interactions (i.e., 3-center–2-electron MHC bonds) on the structures and reactivity of organotransition metal compounds is reviewed.
Abstract: The impact of agostic interactions (i.e., 3-center-2-electron M-H-C bonds) on the structures and reactivity of organotransition metal compounds is reviewed.

878 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jul 1991-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative catalytic strategy for CO2 reform-ing was proposed, which gives excellent yields (90%) from a stoichiometric (1:1) feed of CO2 and CH4.
Abstract: INCREASING concern about world dependence on petroleum oil has generated interest in the more efficient use of natural gas1–4. The conversion of methane to the common feedstock synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) by steam reforming is already well established5, and we have shown recently that yields of syn-thesis gas in excess of 90% can be obtained at moderate tem-peratures and ambient pressure by partial oxidation, with air or oxygen, over supported transition-metal catalysts6,7. The use of carbon dioxide as an oxidant for conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas is well established in steam reforming5, and is also known in CO2 reforming (for example, the Calcor process8,9), in which the use of excess CO2 yields mainly CO. In the present work, we describe an alternative catalytic strategy for CO2 reform-ing which gives excellent yields (90%) from a stoichiometric (1:1) feed of CO2 and CH4. Carbon deposition ('coking'), which is a hazard of CO2-reforming routes, is suppressed here by the use of catalysts based on platinum-group metals. We show that the exothermic partial oxidation of CH2 and the endothermic CO2-reforming reaction can be carried out simultaneously, thus introducing the possibility of tuning the thermodynamics of the process.

753 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Mar 1990-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas can be carried out at temperatures of only ∼775 °C by using lanthanide ruthenium oxide catalysts.
Abstract: THE diminishing reserves of petroleum oil have focused attention on the possibility of making more efficient use of natural gas, reserves of which are at present considerably under-utilized. Methane is commonly used as a fuel, but it is also the starting material for the production, by steam reforming, of synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), which acts as a feedstock for the synthesis of ammonia and methanol, and can be converted to higher hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes by Fischer–Tropsch catalysis1. The partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas is also an established industrial process2 but operates at very high temperatures (> 1,200 °C). Here we report that this reaction can be carried out at temperatures of only ∼775 °C by using lanthanide ruthenium oxide catalysts.

591 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sumio Iijima1, Toshinari Ichihashi1
17 Jun 1993-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the synthesis of abundant single-shell tubes with diameters of about one nanometre, whereas the multi-shell nanotubes are formed on the carbon cathode.
Abstract: CARBON nanotubes1 are expected to have a wide variety of interesting properties. Capillarity in open tubes has already been demonstrated2–5, while predictions regarding their electronic structure6–8 and mechanical strength9 remain to be tested. To examine the properties of these structures, one needs tubes with well defined morphologies, length, thickness and a number of concentric shells; but the normal carbon-arc synthesis10,11 yields a range of tube types. In particular, most calculations have been concerned with single-shell tubes, whereas the carbon-arc synthesis produces almost entirely multi-shell tubes. Here we report the synthesis of abundant single-shell tubes with diameters of about one nanometre. Whereas the multi-shell nanotubes are formed on the carbon cathode, these single-shell tubes grow in the gas phase. Electron diffraction from a single tube allows us to confirm the helical arrangement of carbon hexagons deduced previously for multi-shell tubes1.

8,018 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties are equally important.
Abstract: The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone, 404-8940292; fax, 404-894-0294; e-mail, mostafa.el-sayed@ chemistry.gatech.edu. † Case Western Reserve UniversitysMillis 2258. ‡ Phone, 216-368-5918; fax, 216-368-3006; e-mail, burda@case.edu. § Georgia Institute of Technology. 1025 Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025−1102

6,852 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2013-Science
TL;DR: Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivities for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromagnetic shields.
Abstract: Worldwide commercial interest in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reflected in a production capacity that presently exceeds several thousand tons per year. Currently, bulk CNT powders are incorporated in diverse commercial products ranging from rechargeable batteries, automotive parts, and sporting goods to boat hulls and water filters. Advances in CNT synthesis, purification, and chemical modification are enabling integration of CNTs in thin-film electronics and large-area coatings. Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivities for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromagnetic shields.

4,596 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The features of nanoparticle therapeutics that distinguish them from previous anticancer therapies are highlighted, and how these features provide the potential for therapeutic effects that are not achievable with other modalities are described.
Abstract: Nanoparticles — particles in the size range 1–100 nm — are emerging as a class of therapeutics for cancer. Early clinical results suggest that nanoparticle therapeutics can show enhanced efficacy, while simultaneously reducing side effects, owing to properties such as more targeted localization in tumours and active cellular uptake. Here, we highlight the features of nanoparticle therapeutics that distinguish them from previous anticancer therapies, and describe how these features provide the potential for therapeutic effects that are not achievable with other modalities. While large numbers of preclinical studies have been published, the emphasis here is placed on preclinical and clinical studies that are likely to affect clinical investigations and their implications for advancing the treatment of patients with cancer.

3,975 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Triesteadays.
Abstract: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

3,886 citations