Mamadou Bailo Camara

Bio: Mamadou Bailo Camara is an academic researcher from University of Le Havre. The author has contributed to research in topics: Energy management & Diesel generator. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 61 publications receiving 1601 citations. Previous affiliations of Mamadou Bailo Camara include University of Franche-Comté.

DC/DC Converter Design for Supercapacitor and Battery Power Management in Hybrid Vehicle Applications—Polynomial Control Strategy

Abstract: This paper presents supercapacitor (SCAP) and battery modeling with an original energy management strategy in a hybrid storage technology. The studied dc power supply is composed of SCAPs and batteries. SCAPs are dimensioned for peak power requirement, and batteries provide the power in steady state. A bidirectional dc/dc converter is used between SCAPs and the dc bus. Batteries are directly connected to the dc bus. The originality of this study is focused on SCAP behavior modeling and energy management strategy. The proposed strategy is based on a polynomial (RST) controller. For reasons of cost and existing components (not optimized) such as batteries and semiconductors, the experimental test benches are designed in reduced scale. The characterized packs of SCAPs include two modules of ten cells in series for each one and present a maximum voltage of 27 V. The proposed strategy is implemented on a PIC18F4431 microcontroller for two dc/dc converter topology controls. Experimental and simulation results obtained from the polynomial control strategy are presented, analyzed, and compared with that of classical proportional-integral control.

Design and New Control of DC/DC Converters to Share Energy Between Supercapacitors and Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles

Abstract: In this paper, the authors propose the supercapacitor integration strategy in a hybrid series vehicle. The designed vehicle is an experimental test bench developed at the laboratory of electrical engineering and systems (L2ES) in collaboration with the research in electrical engineering and electronics center of Belfort (CREEBEL). This test bench currently has two diesel motors (each connected to one alternator) and lead-acid batteries with a voltage rating of 540 V and a fluctuation margin between +12% and -20% of the rated voltage. The alternators are connected to the dc link by rectifiers. An original strategy of the supercapacitor integration in this vehicle with their control is presented to find a better compromise between the dimensions of the embarked devices, the share energy efficiency, the dynamics of the supply, and the electric power storage. The supercapacitor packs are made up of two modules of 108 cells each and present a maximum voltage of 270 V. The main objective is to provide a peak power of 216 kW over 20 s from supercapacitors to the dc link. Various topologies of dc/dc converters are presented with effective methodologies of electric power management in the hybrid vehicle.

Energy Management in the Decentralized Generation Systems Based on Renewable Energy—Ultracapacitors and Battery to Compensate the Wind/Load Power Fluctuations

Abstract: This paper presents the energy management for the decentralized generation systems (DGS) using the wind turbine with photovoltaic (PV) panels and the energy storage devices. For a high penetration level of the wind/PV generation, the energy storage device with a fast response is necessary to cover the shortfall or overflow of generation due to sudden variations of the wind or the sun. In addition, the requested energy by the residential appliances presents random behavior, which can be lower or higher than the produced energy from the renewable sources. Using the wind turbine and the PV power generation system with energy storage will reduce the fluctuations of the wind power and the load ones. The energy storage system requires capital investment; thus, it is important to estimate the reasonable storage capacities without an overflow size for the desired applications. In addition, a good strategy for energy management is necessary to reduce the variation impacts of the wind energy and the load for the battery and the residential appliances. The contribution of this paper is focused on energy management based on the frequency approach using the wind/load's fluctuating power sharing and the polynomial controllers. First, this method enables reducing for the battery and the microgrid the impacts of the microcycles due to the wind/load's power fluctuations. Second, it allows estimating the energy storage capacity without the overflow size. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations and experimental tests using the summer load profile and the winter ones.

Energy Management Based on Frequency Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Fuel-Cell/Lithium-Battery and Ultracapacitors

Abstract: This paper presents the ultracapacitors (U) and fuel-cell/lithium-battery connection with an original energy management method for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The proposed method is focused on the frequency approach to meet the load energy requirement. The ultracapacitors are connected to the dc link through a buck-boost converter, and the fuel cell is connected to the dc link via a boost converter for the first topology. In the second topology, the lithium battery is connected to the dc link without a converter to avoid the dc-link voltage control. An asynchronous machine is used like the traction motor; it is related to the dc link through a dc/ac converter (inverter). The main contribution of this paper is focused on HEV energy management according to the dynamics (frequency) of the hybrid sources using polynomial correctors. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations and the experimental tests, using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). This study is extended to an aggressive test cycle, such as the U.S. driving cycle (USDC), to understand the system response and the control performances.

Use of Ultracapacitors and Batteries for Efficient Energy Management in Wind–Diesel Hybrid System

Abstract: The interconnection of the wind generator (WG) and the diesel generator (DG) induces some interactions on the common coupling point. These interactions are studied in this paper with the aim of identifying the system limits in performance and proposing an alternative solution. Due to the fast fluctuations of the WG and the DG slow dynamics, ultracapacitors and batteries are used for improving the hybrid system performances and reducing the fuel consumption. The dc-bus voltage is controlled by the diesel engine while providing a smoothed current. To ensure optimized life cycle cost and performance, a lifetime-estimation-based method is proposed. In this method, a rainflow counting method is applied to size the storage devices by taking into account the actual conditions of the system operation. The experimental test bench is designed in a reduced scale. Some simulations and experimental results are presented and analyzed.

Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: Recent Progress and Future Prospects.

Abstract: Design and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities as well as long cycling life is of great importance. As one of these systems, Battery-supercapacitor hybrid device (BSH) is typically constructed with a high-capacity battery-type electrode and a high-rate capacitive electrode, which has attracted enormous attention due to its potential applications in future electric vehicles, smart electric grids, and even miniaturized electronic/optoelectronic devices, etc. With proper design, BSH will provide unique advantages such as high performance, cheapness, safety, and environmental friendliness. This review first addresses the fundamental scientific principle, structure, and possible classification of BSHs, and then reviews the recent advances on various existing and emerging BSHs such as Li-/Na-ion BSHs, acidic/alkaline BSHs, BSH with redox electrolytes, and BSH with pseudocapacitive electrode, with the focus on materials and electrochemical performances. Furthermore, recent progresses in BSH devices with specific functionalities of flexibility and transparency, etc. will be highlighted. Finally, the future developing trends and directions as well as the challenges will also be discussed; especially, two conceptual BSHs with aqueous high voltage window and integrated 3D electrode/electrolyte architecture will be proposed.

Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications

Abstract: Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable energies, etc. This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to the different applications, providing a deep description of the system and addressing the most suitable storage technology. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the subject and to give an updated reference to nonspecialist, academic, and engineers in the field of power electronics.

A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles

Abstract: The issues of global warming and depletion of fossil fuels have paved opportunities to electric vehicle (EV). Moreover, the rapid development of power electronics technologies has even realized high energy-efficient vehicles. EV could be the alternative to decrease the global green house gases emission as the energy consumption in the world transportation is high. However, EV faces huge challenges in battery cost since one-third of the EV cost lies on battery. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of the energy sources, storage devices, power converters, low-level control energy management strategies and high supervisor control algorithms used in EV. The comparison on advantages and disadvantages of vehicle technology is highlighted. In addition, the standards and patterns of drive cycles for EV are also outlined. The advancement of power electronics and power processors has enabled sophisticated controls (low-level and high supervisory algorithms) to be implemented in EV to achieve optimum performance as well as the realization of fast-charging stations. The rapid growth of EV has led to the integration of alternative resources to the utility grid and hence smart grid control plays an important role in managing the demand. The awareness of environmental issue and fuel crisis has brought up the sales of EV worldwide.

Overview of Power Management Strategies of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

Abstract: Today, conventional power systems are evolving to modern smart grids, where interconnected microgrids may dominate the distribution system with high penetration of renewable energy and energy storage systems. The hybrid ac/dc systems with dc and ac sources/loads are considered to be the most possible future distribution or even transmission structures. For such hybrid ac/dc microgrids, power management strategies are one of the most critical operation aspects. This paper presents an overview of power management strategies for a hybrid ac/dc microgrid system, which includes different system structures (ac-coupled, dc-coupled, and ac–dc-coupled hybrid microgrids), different operation modes, a thorough study of various power management and control schemes in both steady state and transient conditions, and examples of power management and control strategies. Finally, discussion and recommendations of power management strategies for the further research are presented.