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Mamoru Kanzaki

Bio: Mamoru Kanzaki is an academic researcher from Kyoto University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Evergreen & Soil water. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 84 publications receiving 1626 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira1, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira2, Stuart J. Davies3, Stuart J. Davies1, Amy C. Bennett2, Erika Gonzalez-Akre2, Helene C. Muller-Landau1, S. Joseph Wright1, Kamariah Abu Salim, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano4, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano5, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano2, Alfonso Alonso2, Jennifer L. Baltzer6, Yves Basset1, Norman A. Bourg2, Eben N. Broadbent4, Eben N. Broadbent2, Eben N. Broadbent5, Warren Y. Brockelman7, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin8, David F. R. P. Burslem9, Nathalie Butt10, Nathalie Butt11, Min Cao12, Dairon Cárdenas, George B. Chuyong13, Keith Clay14, Susan Cordell15, H. S. Dattaraja16, Xiaobao Deng12, Matteo Detto1, Xiaojun Du17, Alvaro Duque18, David L. Erikson3, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Gunter A. Fischer, Christine Fletcher19, Robin B. Foster, Christian P. Giardina15, Gregory S. Gilbert1, Gregory S. Gilbert20, Nimal Gunatilleke21, Savitri Gunatilleke21, Zhanqing Hao17, William W. Hargrove15, Terese B. Hart, Billy C.H. Hau22, Fangliang He23, Forrest M. Hoffman24, Robert W. Howe25, Stephen P. Hubbell1, Stephen P. Hubbell26, Faith Inman-Narahari27, Patrick A. Jansen1, Patrick A. Jansen28, Mingxi Jiang17, Daniel J. Johnson14, Mamoru Kanzaki29, Abdul Rahman Kassim19, David Kenfack3, David Kenfack1, Staline Kibet30, Margaret F. Kinnaird31, Lisa Korte2, Kamil Král, Jitendra Kumar24, Andrew J. Larson32, Yide Li, Xiankun Li17, Shirong Liu, Shawn K. Y. Lum33, James A. Lutz34, Keping Ma17, Damian M. Maddalena24, Jean-Remy Makana31, Yadvinder Malhi11, Toby R. Marthews11, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Sean M. McMahon1, Sean M. McMahon35, William J. McShea2, Hervé Memiaghe36, Xiangcheng Mi17, Takashi Mizuno29, Michael D. Morecroft37, Jonathan Myers38, Vojtech Novotny39, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira40, Perry S. Ong41, David A. Orwig42, Rebecca Ostertag43, Jan den Ouden28, Geoffrey G. Parker35, Richard P. Phillips14, Lawren Sack26, Moses N. Sainge, Weiguo Sang17, Kriangsak Sri-ngernyuang44, Raman Sukumar16, I-Fang Sun45, Witchaphart Sungpalee44, H. S. Suresh16, Sylvester Tan, Sean C. Thomas46, Duncan W. Thomas47, Jill Thompson48, Benjamin L. Turner1, María Uriarte49, Renato Valencia50, Marta I. Vallejo, Alberto Vicentini51, Tomáš Vrška, Xihua Wang52, Xugao Wang, George D. Weiblen53, Amy Wolf25, Han Xu, Sandra L. Yap41, Jess K. Zimmerman48 
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute1, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute2, National Museum of Natural History3, University of Alabama4, Stanford University5, Wilfrid Laurier University6, Mahidol University7, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation8, University of Aberdeen9, University of Queensland10, Environmental Change Institute11, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden12, University of Buea13, Indiana University14, United States Forest Service15, Indian Institute of Science16, Chinese Academy of Sciences17, National University of Colombia18, Forest Research Institute Malaysia19, University of California, Santa Cruz20, University of Peradeniya21, University of Hong Kong22, University of Alberta23, Oak Ridge National Laboratory24, University of Wisconsin–Green Bay25, University of California, Los Angeles26, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources27, Wageningen University and Research Centre28, Kyoto University29, University of Nairobi30, Wildlife Conservation Society31, University of Montana32, Nanyang Technological University33, Utah State University34, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center35, Centre national de la recherche scientifique36, Natural England37, Washington University in St. Louis38, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic39, University of São Paulo40, University of the Philippines Diliman41, Harvard University42, University of Hawaii at Hilo43, Maejo University44, National Dong Hwa University45, University of Toronto46, Washington State University Vancouver47, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras48, Columbia University49, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador50, National Institute of Amazonian Research51, East China Normal University52, University of Minnesota53
TL;DR: The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS-ForestGEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.
Abstract: Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25ha), all stems 1cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25 degrees S-61 degrees N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS-ForestGEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 degrees C), changes in precipitation (up to +/- 30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8g Nm(-2)yr(-1) and 3.1g Sm(-2)yr(-1)), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS-ForestGEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS-ForestGEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.

470 citations

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TL;DR: It is suggested that between-species differences in habitat preferences are so large that they alone explain the spatially segregated distributions of these two species within the 52-ha study plot.
Abstract: Relationships between spatial distributions and site conditions, namely topography and soil texture, were analyzed for two congeneric emergent trees, Dryobalanops aromatica and Dryobalanops lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae), in a tropical rainforest in Sarawak, East Malaysia. A 52-ha permanent plot was divided into 1300 quadrats measuring 20 m × 20 m; for each Dryobalanops species, the number and total basal area of trees ≥1 cm in d.b.h. were compared among groups of quadrats with different site conditions. Because spatial distributions of both Dryobalanops and site-condition variables were aggregated, Monte-Carlo permutation tests were applied to analyze the relationships. Both single and multifactor statistical tests showed that the density and basal area distributions of the two species were significantly non-random in relation to soil texture and topographic variables. D. aromatica was significantly more abundant at higher elevations, in sandy soils, and on convex and steep slopes. In contrast, D. lanceolata preferred lower elevations and less sandy soils. In the study plot, there were very few sites (3 of 1150 quadrats tested) where the models of Hayashi’s method predicted the co-occurrence of the two species. These results suggest that between-species differences in habitat preferences are so large that they alone explain the spatially segregated distributions of these two species within the 52-ha study plot.

97 citations

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TL;DR: All four species of canopy dipterocarps were significantly clumped at most quadrat sizes and saplings and poles of Hopea and Anisoptera were negatively associated with adults at quad rat sizes.

92 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the recovery of species composition, diversity, and aboveground biomass in secondary forests that were abandoned after swidden cultivation for more than 20 years in a Karen village in Doi Inthanon National Park.

69 citations

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TL;DR: It is suggested that the management of local adult-tree densities is important for avoiding selfing and inbreeding depression in future generations, especially in an important dipterocarp tree species like S. acuminata with predominantly short-distance pollination.

66 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape the vulnerability debate but have not been discussed collectively and present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) warming produces hotter Droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter Drought, consistent with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter Drought can become lethal under warming, increasing the frequency of lethal Drought; and (6) mortality happens rapidly
Abstract: Patterns, mechanisms, projections, and consequences of tree mortality and associated broad-scale forest die-off due to drought accompanied by warmer temperatures—“hotter drought”, an emerging characteristic of the Anthropocene—are the focus of rapidly expanding literature. Despite recent observational, experimental, and modeling studies suggesting increased vulnerability of trees to hotter drought and associated pests and pathogens, substantial debate remains among research, management and policy-making communities regarding future tree mortality risks. We summarize key mortality-relevant findings, differentiating between those implying lesser versus greater levels of vulnerability. Evidence suggesting lesser vulnerability includes forest benefits of elevated [CO2] and increased water-use efficiency; observed and modeled increases in forest growth and canopy greening; widespread increases in woody-plant biomass, density, and extent; compensatory physiological, morphological, and genetic mechanisms; dampening ecological feedbacks; and potential mitigation by forest management. In contrast, recent studies document more rapid mortality under hotter drought due to negative tree physiological responses and accelerated biotic attacks. Additional evidence suggesting greater vulnerability includes rising background mortality rates; projected increases in drought frequency, intensity, and duration; limitations of vegetation models such as inadequately represented mortality processes; warming feedbacks from die-off; and wildfire synergies. Grouping these findings we identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape the vulnerability debate but have not been discussed collectively. We also present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) warming produces hotter droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter drought, consistent with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter droughts occur more frequently than longer droughts and can become lethal under warming, increasing the frequency of lethal drought nonlinearly; and (6) mortality happens rapidly relative to growth intervals needed for forest recovery. These high-confidence drivers, in concert with research supporting greater vulnerability perspectives, support an overall viewpoint of greater forest vulnerability globally. We surmise that mortality vulnerability is being discounted in part due to difficulties in predicting threshold responses to extreme climate events. Given the profound ecological and societal implications of underestimating global vulnerability to hotter drought, we highlight urgent challenges for research, management, and policy-making communities.

1,786 citations

10 Aug 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity provides resistance during and resilience after climate events, and found that biodiversity increased ecosystem resilience for a broad range of climate events.
Abstract: It remains unclear whether biodiversity buffers ecosystems against climate extremes, which are becoming increasingly frequent worldwide. Early results suggested that the ecosystem productivity of diverse grassland plant communities was more resistant, changing less during drought, and more resilient, recovering more quickly after drought, than that of depauperate communities. However, subsequent experimental tests produced mixed results. Here we use data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity provides resistance during and resilience after climate events. We show that biodiversity increased ecosystem resistance for a broad range of climate events, including wet or dry, moderate or extreme, and brief or prolonged events. Across all studies and climate events, the productivity of low-diversity communities with one or two species changed by approximately 50% during climate events, whereas that of high-diversity communities with 16–32 species was more resistant, changing by only approximately 25%. By a year after each climate event, ecosystem productivity had often fully recovered, or overshot, normal levels of productivity in both high- and low-diversity communities, leading to no detectable dependence of ecosystem resilience on biodiversity. Our results suggest that biodiversity mainly stabilizes ecosystem productivity, and productivity-dependent ecosystem services, by increasing resistance to climate events. Anthropogenic environmental changes that drive biodiversity loss thus seem likely to decrease ecosystem stability, and restoration of biodiversity to increase it, mainly by changing the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate events.

574 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality.
Abstract: The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality.

499 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ecology of regeneration of tropical dry forests as a tool to restore disturbed lands is reviewed and resprouting ability is a noticeable mechanism of regeneration in dry forests and must be considered for restoration.
Abstract: Tropical dry forests are the most threatened tropical terrestrial ecosystem. However, few studies have been conducted on the natural regeneration necessary to restore these forests. We reviewed the ecology of regeneration of tropical dry forests as a tool to restore disturbed lands. Dry forests are characterized by a relatively high number of tree species with small, dry, wind-dispersed seeds. Over small scales, wind-dispersed seeds are better able to colonize degraded areas than vertebrate-dispersed plants. Small seeds and those with low water content are less susceptible to desiccation, which is a major barrier for establishment in open areas. Seeds are available in the soil in the early rainy season to maximize the time to grow. However, highly variable precipitation and frequent dry spells are important sources of mortality in seeds and seedlings. Collecting seeds at the end of the dry season and planting them when soil has sufficient moisture may increase seedling establishment and reduce the time they are exposed to seed predators. Germination and early establishment in the field are favored in shaded sites, which have milder environment and moister soil than open sites during low rainfall periods. Growth of established seedlings, however, is favored in open areas. Therefore, clipping plants around established seedlings may be a good management option to improve growth and survival. Although dry forests have species either resistant to fire or that benefit from it, frequent fires simplify community species composition. Resprouting ability is a noticeable mechanism of regeneration in dry forests and must be considered for restoration. The approach to dry-forest restoration should be tailored to this ecosystem instead of merely following approaches developed for moister forests.

454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hazardous properties of pesticides which are known to have ED properties are reviewed in order to assess the implications for risk assessment and a more precautionary approach to the use of ED pesticides, especially for non-essential purposes is proposed.

440 citations