Manel Capdevila Capdevila

Bio: Manel Capdevila Capdevila is an academic researcher. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 7 publications receiving 22 citations.

Estudio sobre los menores extranjeros que llegan solos a Cataluña

Abstract: Este articulo presenta una investigacion que se ha llevado a cabo en Cataluna referente a los menores extranjeros que llegan solos a esta comunidad autonoma y expone los principales resultados obtenidos. La finalidad de la investigacion, encargada por la Direccion General de Atencion a la Infancia y la Adolescencia (DGAIA) de la Generalitat de Cataluna, es aportar la maxima informacion sobre el numero real de menores que se encuentran en esta situacion: quienes son, de donde vienen y como, cuales son sus expectativas y en que situacion se encuentran en Cataluna. El estudio tambien analiza cuantos de estos menores acaban teniendo un expediente abierto en la Direccion General de Justicia Juvenil, por ser presuntos autores de un delito o falta. El objetivo final de esta investigacion es contribuir al desarrollo de programas especificos de atencion a estos menores. El estudio recoge informacion de toda la poblacion que entro en contacto con los diferentes servicios de proteccion de menores entre el 1 de enero de 1998 y el 31 de mayo de 2002.

Tasas de reincidencia 2009 de justicia juvenil : Actualización de la tasa de reincidencia de los jóvenes sometidos a medidas de libertad vigilada e internamiento en centro

Abstract: El estudio actualiza por cuarto ano las tasas de reincidencia juvenil en las medidas de libertad vigilada e internamiento en Catalunya. En este caso se ha estudiado a la poblacion que finalizo una medida el ano 2006 y se les ha seguido hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2009. Los resultados nos dicen que aumenta la tasa de reincidencia de libertad vigilada (28,8%) y desciende de manera significativa en 12 puntos la de internamiento (50,3%) L’estudi actualitza les taxes de reincidencia dels menors sotmesos a una mesura d’internament o de llibertat vigilada que van ser publicades a la recerca “La reincidencia en el delicte en la justicia de menors” finalitzada l’any 2005 i que van iniciar la serie. Aquest estudi ja es el cinque del mateix tipus i, en aquest cas, segueix els joves que van finalitzar una mesura de llibertat vigilada o d’internament l’any 2006, i els segueix fins el 31 de desembre de 2009 amb l’objectiu de saber si han comes un nou delicte que hagi estat detectat per la Xarxa d’execucio penal, tant de joves com d’adults. S’ha estudiat tota la poblacio de joves desinternats de centres, que per l’any 2006 foren 169 subjectes. En el cas de llibertat vigilada del total de joves que finalitzaren mesura l’any 2006 (N=1.017), s’ha fet una mostra de 525 subjectes (interval de confianca:95,5%; marge d’error ±3,04; p=q=50) Els resultats en llibertat vigilada apunten a un augment en la taxa de reincidencia (28,8%) aquest darrer any. Aquest augment s’explica en part per la incorporacio al Codi Penal dels delictes de transit, on els joves han fet un creixement espectacular que no hi era als anys anteriors. En canvi, en internament la taxa de reincidencia ha baixat 12 punts respecte l’any anterior i es la mes baixa de totes les recollides en les series fetes fins ara (50,3%). L’estudi permet comparar de forma seriada ja cinc anys d’evolucio de la taxa de reincidencia juvenil despres de la posada en marxa de la Llei Organica 5/2000, de 12 de gener, reguladora de la responsabilitat penal dels menors (LORPM). Updated recidivism rates of juveniles after serving supervised freedom or custodial sentences (2009) The study updates juvenile recidivism rates in Catalonia (following an annual series that has been published during the last 4 years). The sample is compounded by juveniles after serving a penal measure (supervised freedom or custodial sentences). In this case, the young population (14-18 years old) that finished a penal measure in 2006 was followed until December 31, 2009. The results show an increasing rate of recidivism in the case of youngsters submitted to the community measure called supervised freedom (28.8%), while recidivism related to custodial sentences decrease 12 points (50.3%)

La classificació inicial en règim obert dels condemnats a presó

Abstract: La classificacio dels interns penats en algun dels graus penitenciaris previstos a l’ordenament juridic espanyol es una de les funcions i tasques de l’Administracio penitenciaria. La classificacio inicial en regim obert es una d’aquestes possibles modalitats de classificacio per a un determinat conjunt de persones que complien els requisits. Aquesta modalitat de classificacio ha estat fins ara poc coneguda i sovint incompresa per part de la societats, ja que s’associa amb la llibertat definitiva de l’intern sense cap tipus de control. La finalitat de la recerca es precisament donar a coneixer els resultats d’aquesta aplicacio en el conjunt de penats que l’any 2001 varen accedir a aquesta modalitat i se’ls va seguir fins a octubre de 2005, per saber la seva trajectoria i s’hi havia reincidit. Tambe es va constituir un grup de contrast amb interns classificats en segon grau, per contrastar les diferencies entre ambdos col·lectius.

Extranjeros en los centros penitenciarios catalanes y sus trayectorias de vida

Abstract: espanolEste articulo recoge los resultados de dos investigaciones realizadas con internos extranjeros en los centros penitenciarios catalanes entre 2007 y 2010. Se describe su perfil personal, socio-familiar, penal y penitenciario, y se resumen algunos aspectos de su proyecto migratorio, su situacion administrativa y su paso por prision. Para conocer en profundidad su realidad se han realizado entrevistas semi-estructuradas sobre su capital social en los paises de origen y de acogida, aspectos de su perfil criminologico y perspectivas de futuro una vez finalizada la condena. Los autores han logrado explicar la complejidad de este colectivo creando 4 grandes grupos con realidades y necesidades distintas y especificas, y han elaborado 29 recomendaciones para la mejora de todos los ambitos de la intervencion penitenciaria en este ambito EnglishThis article presents the results of two researches on foreign inmates in Catalan prisons between 2007 and 2010. Their personal, socio-family, criminal and prison profiles are described, and some aspects about their migratory project, their status and their stay in prison are summarized. Some semi-structured interviews have been made to find out their social capital in the countries of origin and destination, criminological aspects and future prospects after conviction. The authors have succeeded in explaining the complexity of foreign inmates creating 4 major groups with different needs and realities, and making 29 recommendations to improve all areas of correctional intervention on them.

A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning

Abstract: With the widespread use of AI systems and applications in our everyday lives, it is important to take fairness issues into consideration while designing and engineering these types of systems. Such systems can be used in many sensitive environments to make important and life-changing decisions; thus, it is crucial to ensure that the decisions do not reflect discriminatory behavior toward certain groups or populations. We have recently seen work in machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning that addresses such challenges in different subdomains. With the commercialization of these systems, researchers are becoming aware of the biases that these applications can contain and have attempted to address them. In this survey we investigated different real-world applications that have shown biases in various ways, and we listed different sources of biases that can affect AI applications. We then created a taxonomy for fairness definitions that machine learning researchers have defined in order to avoid the existing bias in AI systems. In addition to that, we examined different domains and subdomains in AI showing what researchers have observed with regard to unfair outcomes in the state-of-the-art methods and how they have tried to address them. There are still many future directions and solutions that can be taken to mitigate the problem of bias in AI systems. We are hoping that this survey will motivate researchers to tackle these issues in the near future by observing existing work in their respective fields.

Violence Against Children in the Criminal Justice System : Global Perspectives on Prevention

Abstract: violence in criminal ‘justice’ systems around the world and those held in penal detention are especially vulnerable. This collection of essays both exposes such phenomena and charts ways in which it can be, and must be, addressed. The book makes a timely and important contribution to an evolving literature and it comprises an essential point of reference for researchers, advocates, policymakers and practitioners alike’. Professor Barry Goldson, Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, The University of Liverpool, UK

La necesaria reconceptualización de las migraciones de menores no acompañados en Canarias, España

Abstract: The migration of unaccompanied foreign minors (menores extranjeros no acompanados, MENA) represents a new model for international mobility in Spain, one with its own particularities compared with other migratory flows. The dual nature of being unaccompanied and unauthorized leads to conflicts in the care and integration of these new migrants. However, this dual nature is one of the main prerequisites for the development of this mobility model (but not the only one) and for developing strategies specific to this group. The Canary Islands, because of their position on the southern intercontinental border and their insularity, offer particular models of individual migration flows of primarily highly vulnerable African children and a close relationship with human smuggling and trafficking networks.

Meta-análisis de la reincidencia criminal en menores: estudio de la investigación española meta-analysis of juvenile criminal recidivism: study of spanish research

Abstract: Th e current legislation in Spain has changed the criminal profi le of youths in the Juvenile Justice System. Th is change is expected to aff ect the degree of delinquent recidivism. Th erefore, the aim of this study was to deter- mine the recidivism rate of juvenile off enders according to published investigations, as well as to conduct a me- ta-analysis on recidivism in Spain. Th e literature review identifi ed a total of 27 studies that enabled the calcula- tion of 45 eff ect sizes. Results showed that the variables´ relationship with antisocial peers, violence in base off ense,

Prediction of Recidivism With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (Reduced Version) in a Sample of Young Spanish Offenders:

Abstract: Intervention in youth recidivism is critical in helping prevent young people from continuing their criminal career into adulthood, on a life-course-persistent trajectory. Andrews and Bonta attempt to provide an explanation of risk and protective factors using a conversion of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), which predicts recidivism. In this study, scores have been obtained from 382 adolescents ( M age = 16.33 years) from the juvenile court, to check the ability of a reduced version of the YLS/CMI, to predict recidivism. The outcome variables for recidivism were examined in the 2-year follow-up period, after their first assessment in the court. The risk factors showed good levels of recidivism prediction. Recidivists obtained significant higher mean total risk scores than nonrecidivists in the reduced ( M = 6.54, SD = 2.44; M = 3.66, SD = 2.85), with areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from .601 to .857. The factors that emerged as the most discriminative were education/employment, criminal friends, and personality. All the protective factors differentiated between recidivists and nonrecidivists. The results, therefore, showed that this reduced version would be capable of predicting youth recidivism in a reliable way.