Towards a formally verified zero watermarking scheme for data integrity in the Internet of Things based-wireless sensor networks

Information security is considered one of the most important issues in various infrastructures related to the field of data communication where most of the modern studies focus on finding effective and low-weight secure approaches. Digital watermarking is a trend in security techniques that hides data by using data embedding and data extraction processes. Watermarking technology is integrated into different frames without adding an overheard as in the conventional encryption. Therefore, it is efficient to be used in data encryption for applications that run over limited resources such as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, different digital watermarking algorithms and approaches are presented. Additionally, watermarking requirements and challenges are illustrated in detail. Moreover, the common architecture of the watermarking system is described. Furthermore, IoT technology and its challenges are highlighted. Finally, the paper provides the motivations, objectives and applications of the recent secure watermarking techniques in IoT and summarises them into one table. In addition, the paper highlights the potential to apply the modified watermark algorithms to secure IoT networks.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/14/1744/pdf

Secure Watermarking Schemes and Their Approaches in the IoT Technology: An Overview

Medical confidentiality is an essential duty in the medical profession. In this paper, we introduce a novel robust blind watermarking method for securing the medical report in a DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) imaging. The insertion of each bit is done in the subtraction of adjacent DC coefficients of the FFT (fast Fourier transformation) using a key kw. Each bit of the watermark is eXORed with a bit generated by a proposed system which generates a bit sequence in function of the key kw. The proposed method has the features of having better security, invisibility, and robustness. Experimental results show that it is robust to single, double, and triple attacks and that it has better robustness than recently proposed watermarking schemes.

DICOM imaging watermarking for hiding medical reports

This paper presents a novel digital image watermarking (DIW) scheme. This DIW scheme is based on a hybrid DWT-SVD transform domain and modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA), making use of multiscale factors (MSFs) to control the trade-off between invisibility and robustness. The values of MSFs have been determined using MWOA, which is a nature-inspired optimization algorithm inspired by the bubble-net hunting strategy of humpback whales. The essential feature of modified WOA is that it provides a global solution and also requires less internal parameters for optimization. Normalized cross-correlation and peak signal to noise ratio are utilized in the objective function design. Results of simulations show that the proposed DIW scheme not only satisfies the need for invisibility but also has better or comparable robustness as compared to other recently published watermarking methods.

A Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm Based Digital Image Watermarking Approach

Currently, inserting of the watermarking information into various multimedia files represent important research area. The objective is to insert the watermark with less perceived distortions in order to achieve copyright protection and authenticity. This paper presents a new image watermarking approach based on Fourier transform and characteristics of vision system. In fact, the proposed approach exploits the areas that produce after applied the Fourier transform on the images in order to select of appropriate coefficients to store the watermark bits. The original image is partitioned into the non-overlapping blocks. Watermark bits are inserted within the selected coefficients of each block depending on certain condition. The performance of the proposed watermarking approach is evaluated in terms of quality and robustness with many of statistical measures. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach can be optimal compromise to solve conflict problem between quality and robustness. In addition, the proposed approach exhibit good robustness against different types of attacks such as Gaussian noise, Gamma noise, blurring filtering, and sharpness.

/pdf/an-efficient-image-watermarking-approach-based-on-fourier-2dig773v48.pdf

An Efficient Image Watermarking Approach based on Fourier Transform

In digital watermarking, a watermark is embedded into a cover image in such a way that the resulting watermarked signal is robust to certain distortions caused by either standard data processing in a friendly environment or malicious attacks in an unfriendly environment. This work provides Digital Image Watermarking based on Hybrid DWT-FFT with different malicious attacks (JPEG compression, Salt & Peppers Noise, Gaussian Noise, Blurring and Blurring & Noise). Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is computed to measure image quality for proposed technique for better results as compared to previous techniques of information hiding.

Digital Image Watermarking using Hybrid DWT-FFT technique with different attacks

Today is an era of the Internet. The day is not so far when the whole data of the world will travel on the internet. So, authentication is required to protect the content of the data against unauthorized copying and replication. Information hiding via digital watermarks for the multimedia data plays a vital role in protecting the data. Watermarks are imperceptible and it is a predefined pattern inserted into the multimedia data to protect its authenticity. The watermark indicates that data is containing a copyright or not. The main focus of researchers is to develop an algorithm which has robustness against attacks and induced embedded distortions. Many digital watermarking mechanisms have been proposed in spatial and transform domain. The hybrid approaches of combining different transform domain techniques have garnered attention recently. This paper presents design of digital image watermarking using hybrid 3-level DWT-FFT technique via image compression for better results as compared to previous techniques of information hiding. General Terms Digital Image Watermarking, Robust Watermarking, Copyright Protection

/pdf/digital-image-watermarking-using-3-level-dwt-and-fft-via-4d7zrplxp6.pdf

Digital Image Watermarking using 3-Level DWT and FFT via Image Compression

This paper reports a design and performance verification of pipeline Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) using a second generation current conveyor for increasing accuracy, bandwidth and decrising power desipation of an ADC. The current conveyor used in this design is based on the CMOS inverter which works in transconductance mode rather than traditional current conveyor so that the low voltage operations would also be carried out easily, which makes the ADC more versatile. Extensive simulations along with performance evaluation of ADC are done to check the operating frequency range and band width. Results are reported that shows the capability and effectiveness of the proposed design. Authors have verified the capability of this design to operate over the high frequency range (1 Hz to 100GHz). Best simulation results obtained on cadence environment with 180nm technology. Also the layout design is carried out in the cadence virtuoso environment and verified the performance of the proposed design. Finally results of complete ADC design is reported.

http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/594/663

Design and performance verification of current conveyor based pipeline a/d converter using 180 nm technology

This paper reports a new application for one of the widely known Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) dynamic testing methods, namely the histogram method. After estimating code transition levels and applying corrections of the ADC transfer characteristics, the Effective Number of Bits (ENOBs) are computed with standard deviation and overdrive effect. ENOB is determined by taking deviation of corrected rms error from ideal rms error. Simulation results for 5 and 8 bit ADC are presented which show effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally results of this method are compared with earlier reported work and improvements are obtained in present results.

Manish Jain

Papers

Digital Image Watermarking using Hybrid DWT-FFT technique with different attacks

Digital Image Watermarking using 3-Level DWT and FFT via Image Compression

Design and performance verification of current conveyor based pipeline a/d converter using 180 nm technology

Estimation of enob of a/d converter using histogram test technique