Manju Basu

Bio: Manju Basu is an academic researcher from University of Notre Dame. The author has contributed to research in topics: Glycolipid & Ceramide. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 60 publications receiving 898 citations. Previous affiliations of Manju Basu include Bayer Corporation.

Nano-biosensor development for bacterial detection during human kidney infection: use of glycoconjugate-specific antibody-bound gold NanoWire arrays (GNWA)

Abstract: Infectious disease, commonly caused by bacterial pathogens, is now the world's leading cause of premature death and third overall cause behind cardiovascular disease and cancer. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), caused by E. coli bacteria, is a very common bacterial infection, a majority in women (85%) and may result in severe kidney failure if not detected quickly. Among hundreds of strains the bacteria, E. coli 0157:H7, is emerging as the most aggressive one because of its capability to produce a toxin causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) resulting in death, especially in children. In the present study, a project has been undertaken for developing a rapid method for UTI detection in very low bacteria concentration, applying current knowledge of nano-technology. Experiments have been designed for the development of biosensors using nano-fabricated structures coated with elements such as gold that have affinity for biomolecules. A biosensor is a device in which a biological sensing element is either intimately connected to or integrated within a transducer. The basic principle for the detection procedure of the infection is partly based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. Anti-E. coli antibody-bound Gold Nanowire Arrays (GNWA) prepared on anodized porous alumina template is used for the primary step followed by binding of the bacteria containing specimen. An alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibody is then added to the system and the resultant binding determined by both electrochemical and optical measurements. Various kinds of GNWA templates were used in order to determine the one with the best affinity for antibody binding. In addition, an efficient method for enhanced antibody binding has been developed with the covalent immobilization of an organic linker Dithiobissuccinimidylundecanoate (DSU) on the GNWA surface. Studies have also been conducted to optimize the antibody-binding conditions to the linker-attached GNWA surfaces for their ability to detect bacteria in clinical concentrations.

Apoptosis of human carcinoma cells in the presence of potential anti-cancer drugs: III. Treatment of Colo-205 and SKBR3 cells with: cis -platin, Tamoxifen, Melphalan, Betulinic acid, L-PDMP, L-PPMP, and GD3 ganglioside.

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, predominantly among women over 20, whereas colo-rectal cancer occurs in both men and women over the age of 50. Chemotherapy of both cancers affect rapidly growing normal as well as cancer cells. Cancer cells are non-apoptotic. Seven anti-cancer agents (cis-platin, Tamoxifen, Melphalan, Betulinic acid, D-PDMP, L-PPMP, and GD3) have been tested with human breast (SKBR3) and colon (Colo-205) carcinoma cells for their apoptotic effect and found to be positive by several assay systems. Colo-205 cells were obtained from ATCC, and the SKBR3 cells were a gift from the Cleveland Clinic. All of these six agents killed those two cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In the early apoptotic stage (6 h), these cells showed only a flopping of phosphatidylserine on the outer lamella of the plasma membranes as evidenced by the binding of a novel fluorescent dye PSS-380. After 24 h of the treatment, those apoptotic cells showed damage of the plasma as well as the nuclear membrane as evidenced by binding of propidium iodide to the nuclear DNA. DNA laddering assay viewed further breakdown of DNA by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. It is concluded that during apoptosis the signaling by Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway (MSP) is stimulated by some of these agents. Caspase 3 was activated with the concomitant appearance of its p17 polypeptide as viewed by Westernblot analyses. Incorporation of radioactivity from [U-14C]-L-serine in total sphingolipid mixture was observed between 2 and 4 micromolar concentrations of most of the agents except cis-platin. However, apoptosis in carcinoma cells in the presence of cis-platin is induced by a caspase 3 activation pathway without any increase in synthesis of ceramide. Published in 2004..

Liposome Methods and protocols

Abstract: Part I. Physical Properties Preparation, Isolation, and Characterization of Liposomes Containing Natural and Synthetic Lipids Subroto Chatterjee and Dipak K. Banerjee Preparation and Use of Liposomes for the Study of Sphingolipid Segregation in Membrane Model Systems Massimo Masserini, Paola Palestini, Marina Pitto, Vanna Chigorno, and Sandro Sonnino Part II. Liposome Fusion/Modulation Peptide-Induced Fusion of Liposomes Eve-Isabelle Pecheur and Dick Hoekstra Liposomes: Applications in Protein-Lipid Interaction Studies, Sujoy Ghosh and Robert Bell Lipids in Viral Fusion Anu Puri, Maite Paternostre, and Robert Blumenthal Part III. Application of Liposomes Liposome-Mediated, Fluorescence-Based Studies of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Intact Cells Shimon Gatt, Tama Dinur, and Arie Dagan Micelles and Liposomes in Metabolic Enzyme and Glycolipid Glycosyltransferase Assays Manju Basu and Subhash Basu Liposomes and Phospholipid Binding Proteins in Glycoprotein Biosynthesis Roger K. Bretthauer and Dennis W. Welsh Therapeutic Uses of Antioxidant Liposomes William L. Stone, Shyamali Mukherjee, Milton Smith, and Salil K. Das Targeted Gene Delivery by Virosomes Debi P. Sarkar, Komal Ramani, and Sandeep K. Tyagi Liposomes Containing Ligands: Binding Specificity to Selectins Sriram Neelamegham and Khushi L. Matta Preparation and Characterization of Glycolipid-Bearing Multilamellar and Unilamellar Liposomes P. R. Satish and A. Surolia Use of Liposomes Containing Carbohydrates for Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Reiji Kannagi Inhibition of Tumor Metastasis by Liposomes Containing Glyco-Replica Peptides Takao Taki and Naoto Oku Use of Phospholipid Bilayers and Monolayers in Binding Studies of Vitamin K-Dependent BloodCoagulation Proteins Francis J. Castellino and Eric H. Ellison Index

Cisplatin as an Anti-Tumor Drug: Cellular Mechanisms of Activity, Drug Resistance and Induced Side Effects

Abstract: Platinum complexes are clinically used as adjuvant therapy of cancers aiming to induce tumor cell death. Depending on cell type and concentration, cisplatin induces cytotoxicity, e.g., by interference with transcription and/or DNA replication mechanisms. Additionally, cisplatin damages tumors via induction of apoptosis, mediated by the activation of various signal transduction pathways, including calcium signaling, death receptor signaling, and the activation of mitochondrial pathways. Unfortunately, neither cytotoxicity nor apoptosis are exclusively induced in cancer cells, thus, cisplatin might also lead to diverse side-effects such as neuro- and/or renal-toxicity or bone marrow-suppression. Moreover, the binding of cisplatin to proteins and enzymes may modulate its biochemical mechanism of action. While a combination-chemotherapy with cisplatin is a cornerstone for the treatment of multiple cancers, the challenge is that cancer cells could become cisplatin-resistant. Numerous mechanisms of cisplatin resistance were described including changes in cellular uptake, drug efflux, increased detoxification, inhibition of apoptosis and increased DNA repair. To minimize cisplatin resistance, combinatorial therapies were developed and have proven more effective to defeat cancers. Thus, understanding of the biochemical mechanisms triggered by cisplatin in tumor cells may lead to the design of more efficient platinum derivates (or other drugs) and might provide new therapeutic strategies and reduce side effects.

Liposomes: technologies and analytical applications.

Abstract: Liposomes are structurally and functionally some of the most versatile supramolecular assemblies in existence. Since the beginning of active research on lipid vesicles in 1965, the field has progressed enormously and applications are well established in several areas, such as drug and gene delivery. In the analytical sciences, liposomes serve a dual purpose: Either they are analytes, typically in quality-assessment procedures of liposome preparations, or they are functional components in a variety of new analytical systems. Liposome immunoassays, for example, benefit greatly from the amplification provided by encapsulated markers, and nanotube-interconnected liposome networks have emerged as ultrasmall-scale analytical devices. This review provides information about new developments in some of the most actively researched liposome-related topics.

A Review on the Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Composed of Nanowires as Sensing Material.

Abstract: The development and application of nanowires for electrochemical sensors and biosensors are reviewed in this article. Next generation sensor platforms will require significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and parallelism in order to meet the future needs in variety of fields. Sensors made of nanowires exploit some fundamental nanoscopic effect in order to meet these requirements. Nanowires are new materials, which have the characteristic of low weight with extraordinary mechanical, electrical, thermal and multifunctional properties. The advantages such as size scale, aspect ratio and other properties of nanowires are especially apparent in the use of electrical sensors such as electrochemical sensors and in the use of field-effect transistors. The preparation methods of nanowires and their properties are discussed along with their advantages towards electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Some key results from each article are summarized, relating the concept and mechanism behind each sensor, with experimental conditions as well as their behavior at different conditions.