Manoj N Gambhire

Bio: Manoj N Gambhire is an academic researcher from University of Mumbai. The author has contributed to research in topics: Couroupita & Elaeocarpus ganitrus. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 5 publications receiving 383 citations.

In­vitro antioxidant and anti­inflammatory activity of methanol extract of oxalis corniculata linn

Abstract: Methanol extract of whole plant of Oxalis corniculata Linn (Family: Oxalidaceae) was assessed for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity by in­vitro methods. Antioxidant activity was studied using 1, 1‐Diphenyl‐2‐Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was studied by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method on isolated rat liver tissues. Quantitative analysis of antioxidative components like total amount of phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols were estimated using spectrophotometric method. In­vitro anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory activity at different concentrations. Aspirin was used as a sta ndard drug for the study of anti‐ inflammatory activity. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate IC50 value. Results showed that, the extract exhibited significant DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity with IC50 v alue of 302.93±4.17 and 73.07±8.28µg/ml respectively. Lipid peroxidation induced by the Fe2+, was inhibited by the extract with IC50 value 58.71±2.55µg/ml. Total phenol content was estimated as 25.62±0.10mg of gallic acid equivalents of dry extract. Total flavonoids and flavonols were found to be 150.88±12.61 and 150.16±2.16 mg of rutin equivalents per gram of dry extract respectively. Extract also showed in­vitro anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation and Red Blood Cells membrane stabilization with the IC50 values of 288.04±2.78 and 467.14±9.56µg/ml respectively. Proteinase activity was also significantly inhibited by the extract (IC50=435.28±5.82µg/ml). From the results, it is concluded that flavonoids and related polyphenols present in the O. corniculata extract may be responsible for the activity.

An evaluation of the antidiabetic effects of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in experimental animals

Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus (EAG) in experimental animals. Materials and Methods : The hypoglycemic activity of the EGA was evaluated in normoglycemic rats by single dose at three graded dose levels, viz. 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight. Antihyperglycemic activity of the extract was also evaluated at the same dose levels in streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic rats during a 30-day treatment period. Metformin (500 mg/kg) was used as the reference drug. Fasting blood glucose and lipid parameters, viz. triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels were measured. Acute oral toxicity of the EGA extract was carried out in Swiss albino mice. Results : In normoglycemic rats, EGA showed a significant (P < 0.01) hypoglycemic effect at 2 h. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, the EGA treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the blood glucose level in a dose-dependent manner during the 30 days of treatment period. EGA modulated lipid profile changes in STZ-diabetic rats in a dose-dependant manner. In the acute oral toxicity study, EGA showed no mortality till the 5 g/kg dose in mice. Conclusion : The present investigation shows that EAG seeds has potential antidiabetic effects.

Axiolytic effect of methaolic extract of root of couroupita guiaesis aubl.

Abstract: Summary Couroupita guianensis Aubl. a member of the Lecythidaceae family, vernacularly known as cannon ball, locally Kailashpati, grows in tropical areas of the India, South America and the Caribbean. The plant has rich source of triterpenoids which have been concerned with anxiolytic activity. Therefore the present research was aimed to evaluate the potential anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Couroupita guianensis (CGRM) root in mice. This extracts was administered orally in a dose range of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the body weight. The anxiolytic activity was evaluated using light and dark model (LDM), elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board test (HBT) in mice. Results of the activity showed significantly increase in number of entries in light room in LDM. In EPM there was significant increase in number of entries and time spent in open arm in dose dependent manner, similar to that of the diazepam (3 mg/kg) which served as a positive control. Also, it was observed that in HBT there is increase in number of head dipping as compared to normal vehicle control. The significance of difference among the various treated groups and control group were analyzed by means of one

Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts

Abstract: There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.

Invitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of enicostemma axillare

Abstract: Methanol extract of whole plant of Enicostemma axillare (Family: Gentianaceae) was assessed for its anti-inflammatory activity by invitro methods. Invitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity, membrane stabilization, and anti-lipoxygenase activity at different concentrations. Aspirin, Diclofenac sodium, Indomethacin were used as standard drugs. The results showed that Enicostemma axillare Methanol Extract (EAME) at a concentration range of 100-500µg/ml significantly (p 0.05) activity. Heat induced haemolysis of erythrocyte was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited at the concentration of 400 and 500µg/ml. Hypotonicity induced haemolysis and lipoxygenase activity were significantly (p<0.01) inhibited at the concentration range of 200-500µg/ml and 400, 500µg/ml respectively. The results obtained in the present study indicate that methanol extracts of Enicostemma axillare can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents.

An experimental evaluation of Albuca setosa aqueous extract on membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and white blood cell migration during acute inflammation

Abstract: Albuca setosa is widely distributed in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa where its traditional usage is very extensive. This study was aimed to experimentally evaluate the effect of A. setosa water extract (ASWE) on inflammation events such as membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and white blood cell migration during acute inflammation. This study was undertaken using hypotonicity and heat induced erythrocytes haemolysis, heat induced albumin denaturation, carrageenan and dextran induced peritonis and rat paw edema. The results showed that ASWE at a concentration range of 125 - 500 μg/ml significantly (p < 0.01) protects the erythrocyte membrane against lysis induced by heat and hypotonic medium solution. At the dose of 500 and 125 μg/ml, ASWE showed significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of 59 and 65% of protein denaturation of egg albumin. Oral administration of 150 and 300 mg/kg of ASWE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total WBC count in rat paw fluid after inflammation induced by carrageenin and in the peritoneal wash after acute inflammation induced by dextran and carrageenan, respectively. The present work contributes to the validation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant and may provide some evidence for its folk use and further exploitation. Key words: Albuca setosa, membrane stabilization, protein denaturation, white blood cell migration, anti-inflammatory activity.

Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract

Abstract: The current research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Calophyllum tomentosum (CtAgNPs) and evaluated the extract to know the effects of anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase activity. Using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) characterized the Calophyllum tomentosum mediated silver nanoparticles. The leaf extract of C. tomentosum yielded flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids and coumarins. AgNPs formation was confirmed by UV–vis spectra at 438 nm. Crystalline structure with a face centered cubic (fcc) of AgNPs was observed in XRD. FTIR had shown that the phytochemicals were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of the AgNPs were determined using SEM. From EDX study analysed the strong absorption property of AgNPs. The CtAgNPs have showed significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance bacteria. The CtAgNPs had shown strong antioxidant (DPPH, H2O2 scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging power, reducing power) activities. The CtAgNPs had strongly inhibited the α-glucosidase and DPPIV compared to α-amylase. The CtAgNPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, heat haemolytic, protein inhibitory, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase) and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract. Hence, to validate our results the in vivo studies at molecular level are needed to develop an antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent.