Manuel Castells

Bio: Manuel Castells is an academic researcher from University of Southern California. The author has contributed to research in topics: Network society & The Internet. The author has an hindex of 83, co-authored 288 publications receiving 66071 citations. Previous affiliations of Manuel Castells include University of California, Berkeley & Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age

Abstract: Cet ouvrage est une decouverte des nouvelles formes de mouvements sociaux et de protestations qui emergent dans le monde actuel, des revolutions arabes au mouvement des indignes en Espagne, en passant par le mouvement d'«Occupy Wall Street» aux Etats-Unis. Meme si ces mouvements sociaux comprennent de grandes differences, ils ont une chose en commun : ils reposent tous sur la creation de reseaux de communication bases sur Internet et les reseaux sociaux.

Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society

Abstract: This article presents a set of grounded hypotheses on the relationship between communication and power relationships in the technological context that characterizes the network society. Based on a selected body of communication literature, and of a number of case studies and examples, it argues that the media have become the social space where power is decided. It shows the direct link between politics, media politics, the politics of scandal, and the crisis of political legitimacy in a global perspective. It also puts forward the notion that the development of interactive, horizontal networks of communication has induced the rise of a new form of communication, mass self-communication, over the Internet and wireless communication networks. Under these conditions, insurgent politics and social movements are able to intervene more decisively in the new communication space. However, corporate media and mainstream politics have also invested in this new communication space. As a result of these processes, mass media and horizontal communication networks are converging. The net outcome of this evolution is a historical shift of the public sphere from the institutional realm to the new communication space.

The informational city: Information technology, economic restructuring, and the urban-regional process

Abstract: Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. The Informational Mode of Development and the Restructuring of Capitalism. 2. The New Industrial Space. The Locational Pattern of Information Technology Manufacturing and its effects of Spacial Dynamics. 3. The Space Flows. The Use of New Technologies in the Information Economy and the Dialectics between Centralization and Decentralization of Services. 4. Information Technology, The Restructuring of Capital--Labour Relationships, and the Rise of the Dual City. 5. High Technology and the Transition from the Urban Welfare State to the Suburban Warfare State. 6. The Internationalization of the Economy, New Technologies, and the Variable Geometry of Spatial Structure. Conclusion. Appendix to Chapter 2. Index.

La Era De La Informacion Economia, Sociedad Y Cultura

Abstract: La trilogia La era de la informacion: economia, sociedad y cultura estudia la transformacion de la sociedad en todo el mundo a partir de la revolucion tecnologica informacional, la globalizacion de la economia y la emergencia de una nueva cultura. El primer volumen, #La sociedad red# traza la historia de la revolucion tecnologica digital y genetica, y analiza la interaccion entre tecnologia y sociedad en la economia, en las empresas, en el trabajo y el empleo, en la comunicacion, en el espacio urbano y regional y en la concepcion social del tiempo. Se trata de un analisis basado en datos estadisticos y etnograficos, resultado de las investigaciones realizadas por el autor durante quince anos en Europa, Estados Unidos, America Latina y Asia. El libro demuestra la importancia de las redes digitales en la formacion de una nueva estructura social y de comunicacion que constituye la base de la sociedad actual, de forma similar a como las tecnologias energeticas contribuyeron en su momento al surgimiento de la sociedad industrial. Sin embargo, el analisis muestra tambien la influencia de los procesos politicos, de las estrategias empresariales y de la singularidad de cada cultura en las formas propias de esta transformacion. En su conjunto, disolviendo los mitos futurologicos a partir de los resultados de la investigacion academica internacional, este volumen presenta un analisis sistematico de las estructuras fundamentales que configuran la sociedad en la que vivimos: la sociedad red.

What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy

Abstract: Good computer and video games like System Shock 2, Deus Ex, Pikmin, Rise of Nations, Neverwinter Nights, and Xenosaga: Episode 1 are learning machines. They get themselves learned and learned well, so that they get played long and hard by a great many people. This is how they and their designers survive and perpetuate themselves. If a game cannot be learned and even mastered at a certain level, it won't get played by enough people, and the company that makes it will go broke. Good learning in games is a capitalist-driven Darwinian process of selection of the fittest. Of course, game designers could have solved their learning problems by making games shorter and easier, by dumbing them down, so to speak. But most gamers don't want short and easy games. Thus, designers face and largely solve an intriguing educational dilemma, one also faced by schools and workplaces: how to get people, often young people, to learn and master something that is long and challenging--and enjoy it, to boot.

스크린 위의 삶 = Life on the screen : identity in the age of the internet

Abstract: From the Publisher: A Question of Identity Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life." Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.

Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal.

Abstract: The configuration of developed countries has become today diverse and multiethnic due to international migration. A single coherent theoretical explanation for international migration is lacking. The aim of this discussion was the generation and integration of current theories that clarify basic assumptions and hypotheses of the various models. Theories were differentiated as explaining the initiation of migration and the perpetuation of international movement. Initiation theories discussed were 1) macro theories of neoclassical economics; 2) micro theories of neoclassical economics; 3) the new economics with examples for crop insurance markets futures markets unemployment insurance and capital markets; 4) dual labor market theory and structural inflation motivational problems economic dualism and the demography of labor supply; and 5) world systems theory and the impacts of land raw materials labor material links ideological links and global cities. Perpetuation theories were indicated as network theories of declining risks and costs; institutional theory cumulative causation through distribution of income and land organization of agrarian production culture of migration regional distribution of human capital and social labeling factors; and migration systems theory. The assumptions and propositions of these theories although divergent were not inherently contradictory but had very different implications for policy formulation. The policy decisions over the next decades will be very important and carry with them the potential for misunderstanding and conflict. Policy options based on the explicated models range from regulation by changing wages and employment conditions in destination countries or promoting development in countries of origin to changing structural market economic relations.

Research Commentary: Desperately Seeking the IT in IT Research--A Call to Theorizing the IT Artifact

Abstract: The field of information systems is premised on the centrality of information technology in everyday socio-economic life. Yet, drawing on a review of the full set of articles published inInformation Systems Research ( ISR) over the past ten years, we argue that the field has not deeply engaged its core subject matter--the information technology (IT) artifact. Instead, we find that IS researchers tend to give central theoretical significance to the context (within which some usually unspecified technology is seen to operate), the discrete processing capabilities of the artifact (as separable from its context or use), or the dependent variable (that which is posited to be affected or changed as technology is developed, implemented, and used). The IT artifact itself tends to disappear from view, be taken for granted, or is presumed to be unproblematic once it is built and installed. After discussing the implications of our findings, we propose a research direction for the IS field that begins to take technology as seriously as its effects, context, and capabilities. In particular, we propose that IS researchers begin to theorize specifically about IT artifacts, and then incorporate these theories explicitly into their studies. We believe that such a research direction is critical if IS research is to make a significant contribution to the understanding of a world increasingly suffused with ubiquitous, interdependent, and emergent information technologies.

Cities and the Geographies of “Actually Existing Neoliberalism”

Abstract: This essay elaborates a critical geographical perspective on neoliberalism that emphasizes (a) the path–dependent character of neoliberal reform projects and (b) the strategic role of cities in the contemporary remaking of political–economic space. We begin by presenting the methodological foundations for an approach to the geographies of what we term “actually existing neoliberalism.” In contrast to neoliberal ideology, in which market forces are assumed to operate according to immutable laws no matter where they are “unleashed,” we emphasize the contextual embeddedness of neoliberal restructuring projects insofar as they have been produced within national, regional, and local contexts defined by the legacies of inherited institutional frameworks, policy regimes, regulatory practices, and political struggles. An adequate understanding of actually existing neoliberalism must therefore explore the path–dependent, contextually specific interactions between inherited regulatory landscapes and emergent neoliberal, market–oriented restructuring projects at a broad range of geographical scales. These considerations lead to a conceptualization of contemporary neoliberalization processes as catalysts and expressions of an ongoing creative destruction of political–economic space at multiple geographical scales. While the neoliberal restructuring projects of the last two decades have not established a coherent basis for sustainable capitalist growth, it can be argued that they have nonetheless profoundly reworked the institutional infrastructures upon which Fordist–Keynesian capitalism was grounded. The concept of creative destruction is presented as a useful means for describing the geographically uneven, socially regressive, and politically volatile trajectories of institutional/spatial change that have been crystallizing under these conditions. The essay concludes by discussing the role of urban spaces within the contradictory and chronically unstable geographies of actually existing neoliberalism. Throughout the advanced capitalist world, we suggest, cities have become strategically crucial geographical arenas in which a variety of neoliberal initiatives—along with closely intertwined strategies of crisis displacement and crisis management—have been articulated.