Author
Manuel Ruiz-García
Other affiliations: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, University of Los Andes, University of Barcelona
Bio: Manuel Ruiz-García is an academic researcher from Pontifical Xavierian University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Population genetics. The author has an hindex of 25, co-authored 113 publications receiving 2357 citations. Previous affiliations of Manuel Ruiz-García include Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad & University of Los Andes.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The results indicate that the evolutionary history of cetartiodactyls was punctuated by four main phases of rapid radiation during the Cenozoic era, and shows that the high species diversity now observed in the families Bovidae and Cervidae accumulated mainly during the Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene.
472 citations
TL;DR: Molecular clock-based estimates of branching times indicated that contemporary howler monkey species originated in the late Miocene and Pliocene, not the Pleistocene, and the causes of Alouatta diversification were more difficult to pin down, although it is posit that the initial cis- and trans-Andean split in the genus was caused by theLate Miocene completion of the northern Andes.
295 citations
TL;DR: The results support the proposal to subdivide the Inia genus into at least two evolutionarily significant units: one confined to the Bolivian river basin and the other widely distributed across the Amazon and Orinoco basins.
Abstract: The Amazon river dolphin, genus Inia, is endemic to the major river basins of northern South America. No previous studies have focused on the genetic structure of this genus. In this work, 96 DNA samples from specimens of this genus were collected in the Orinoco basin (four rivers), the Putumayo River, a tributary of the Colombian Amazon and the Mamore, and the Tijamuchi and Ipurupuru rivers in theBolivian Amazon. These samples were used to amplify a fragment of 400 bp of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. In addition, 38 of these samples were also used to sequence 600 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The analysis of the population structure subdivision with an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed important aspects about the genetic structure of Inia groups fromthese three geographically separate regions. By comparing the control region DNA and cytochrome b sequences, distinct types of nonshared haplotypes were observed. The net genetic divergence of control region sequences was 6.53% between the Orinoco and Bolivian rivers, 5.32% between the Putumayo and Bolivian rivers, and 2.50% between the Orinoco and Putumayo rivers. For the cytochrome b gene, these values were 2.48%, 2.98%, and 0.06%, respectively. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed phylogenetically using several genetic distance matrices and applying neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony procedures. The results support the proposal to subdivide the Inia genus into at least two evolutionarily significant units: one confined to the Bolivian river basin and the other widely distributed across the Amazon and Orinoco basins.
80 citations
TL;DR: The low heterozygosity and the population fragmentation could be explained by ancient events related to the bear colonization, with the arrival of humans beings in the Americas, and/or with the glacial maximum, 16.000-30.000 years ago.
Abstract: Eighty-two Andean bear samples obtained in three South American Andean countries were analyzed using five hypervariable microsatellite markers. Neither the overall sample nor the samples coming from each of the countries analyzed were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This is attributable to the Wahlund effect caused by a fragmentation of the bear populations. The genetic variability levels found were in general low for this kind of molecular markers (H=0.38 for the global population). The situation of the Ecuadorian bear population seems to be endangered (H=0.24). This is the lowest level recorded for any bear population. The genetic heterogeneity among the three populations was large and highly significant (FST=0.39; RST=0.32–0.49). Likewise, the gene flow estimates were remarkably low among these populations (Nm=0.2–0.3). This means that the populations are strongly isolated. Different methods were applied to determine the effective numbers in these populations. A significant spatial structure of the genotypes was analyzed with different procedures. In all cases, an isolation-by-distance structure was detected. This could be a consequence of the original South America colonization. There was no evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck. This could mean that the low heterozygosity and the population fragmentation could be explained by ancient events related to the bear colonization, with the arrival of humans beings in the Americas, and/or with the glacial maximum, 16.000–30.000 years ago.
63 citations
TL;DR: The number of species within this genus is probably more limited than recently proposed by other authors because the Pleistocene was the fundamental epoch when the mitochondrial Saimiri diversification process occurred.
Abstract: Some previous genetic studies have been performed to resolve the molecular phylogenetics of the squirrel monkeys (Saimiri). However, these studies did not show consensus in how many taxa are within this genus and what the relationships among them are. For this reason, we sequenced 2,237 base pairs of the mt COI and COII genes in 218 Saimiri individuals. All, less 12 S. sciureus sciureus from French Guyana, were sampled in the wild. These samples represented all the living Saimiri taxa recognized. There were four main findings of this study. (1) Our analysis detected 17 different Saimiri groups: albigena, cassiquiarensis, five polyphyletic macrodon groups, three polyphyletic ustus groups, sciureus, collinsi, boliviensis, peruviensis, vanzolinii, oerstedii and citrinellus. Four different phylogenetic trees showed the Central American squirrel monkey (S. oerstedii) as the most differentiated taxon. In contrast, albigena was indicated to be the most recent taxon. (2) There was extensive hybridization and/or historical introgression among albigena, different macrodon groups, peruviensis,sciureus and collinsi. (3) Different tests showed that our maximum likelihood tree was consistent with two species of Saimiri: S. oerstedii and S. sciureus. If no cases of hybridization were detected implicating S. vanzolinii, this could be a third recognized species. (4) We also estimated that the first temporal splits within this genus occurred around 1.4–1.6 million years ago, which indicates that the temporal split events within Saimiri were correlated with Pleistocene climatic changes. If the biological species concept is applied because, in this case, it is operative due to observed hybridization in the wild, the number of species within this genus is probably more limited than recently proposed by other authors. The Pleistocene was the fundamental epoch when the mitochondrial Saimiri diversification process occurred.
63 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that the natural selection against large insertion/deletion is so weak that a large amount of variation is maintained in a population.
11,521 citations
01 Jan 1945
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TL;DR: The objectives of BIOS 781 are to present basic population and quantitative genetic principles, including classical genetics, chromosomal theory of inheritance, and meiotic recombination, and methods for genome-wide association and stratification control.
Abstract: LEARNING The objectives of BIOS 781 are to present: OBJECTIVES: 1. basic population and quantitative genetic principles, including classical genetics, chromosomal theory of inheritance, and meiotic recombination 2. an exposure to QTL mapping methods of complex quantitative traits and linkage methods to detect co-segregation with disease 3. methods for assessing marker-disease linkage disequilibrium, including case-control approaches 4. methods for genome-wide association and stratification control.
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TL;DR: This book is based on a symposium organized by the Entomological Society of America in 1980 and will prove to be an important book in bringing together recent research on the mating systems of orthopterans, and discussing their behaviour in the light of current theory in behavioura].
911 citations