Showing papers by "Marc A. Meyers published in 1986"

Metallurgical applications of shock wave and high strain rate phenomena

Abstract: This book presents the papers given at a conference on the impact testing of metals. Topics considered at the conference included dynamic consolidation, the analysis of dislocation kinetics across shocks, high-strain-rate deformation, adiabatic shear band phenomena, dynamic fracture, explosive metal working, shock synthesis and the property modification of materials, and novel concepts and applications of high pressure.

Numerical modeling of the propagation of an adiabatic shear band

Abstract: The critical phenomena determining the propagation of an adiabatic shear band occur at its extremity. The stress and strain distributions at the tip of a shear band are calculated as a function of applied shear strain using the finite element method for an elasto-plastic material. Three assumptions simplify the calculations considerably: (a) the mechanical response of the material follows an adiabatic stress-strain curve; (b) the material within the shear band has zero shear strength; (c) the body is taken to be in equilibrium. The distribution of stresses and strains in the adiabatically-deformed material is compared to that of a quasi-statically deformed material. While the stress-strain curve for an isothermally deformed material is monotonic with continuous work-hardening, the adiabatic work-hardening curve reaches a plateau followed by work-softening (due to thermal softening). The stress and strain fields for both cases are nearly identical, except in the region directly in front of the shear band. In the adiabatically-deformed material a thin region (~5 μm) with large strains and lowered stresses is produced. This region, in which accelerated deformation takes place as the applied shear deformation increases, is absent in the isothermally-deformed material. The formation of this instability region, ahead of the shear band, is considered to be the mechanism for the propagation of an adiabatic shear band.

Stresses Induced in Iron-Ore Pellets by Hydrogen Reduction

Abstract: The objectives of this investigation were (a) to determine the effect of reduction temperature on the strength of iron ore agglomerates and (b) to develop enhanced understanding for the cracking associ-ated with reduction. Iron-ore agglomerates from two sources (Samarco Mineracao and Bethlehem Steel) were reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures varying from 873 K to 1373 K at intervals of 100 K and times varying from 30 to 300 minutes. The compressive strength at the ambient temperature of the pellets was determined after the various reduction treatments by using a piston-and-cylinder testing technique and computing the energy required in crushing them. The highest strength, at a specific level of reduction, was found after reduction at 1073 K, for both the Samarco and Bethlehem pellets. Profuse cracking of the pellets was observed after reduction. These cracks led to a weakening of the pellets. A mechanism for reduction-induced cracking, based on internal stresses due to volume changes produced by the chemical reactions, is presented.

Modeling of Instability at the Tip of a Shear Band

Abstract: The present work focusses on the tip of the shear band, and assumes that the critical phenomena dictating the propagation or arrest of a shear band occur at the tip. This approach is analogous to fracture mechanics in which the crack tip is the region where the relevant processes are taking place, while the crack surfaces are merely the product. The driving energy for the extension of the tip comes from an increase of the imposed displacement, which generates shear stresses and strains. In the analysis presented in this paper the plastic deformation ahead of a shear band is calculated as a function of imposed displacement. A number of assumptions are required to render the problem tractable. The principal assumptions are given and justified below.