https://www.statkraft.no/globalassets/old-contains-the-old-folder-structure/documents/forward-osmosis-in-jms_tcm9-24575.pdf

Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments

Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment

Membrane distillation: A comprehensive review

Superhydrophobic surfaces have drawn a lot of interest both in academia and in industry because of the self-cleaning properties. This critical review focuses on the recent progress (within the last three years) in the preparation, theoretical modeling, and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. The preparation approaches are reviewed according to categorized approaches such as bottom-up, top-down, and combination approaches. The advantages and limitations of each strategy are summarized and compared. Progress in theoretical modeling of surface design and wettability behavior focuses on the transition state of superhydrophobic surfaces and the role of the roughness factor. Finally, the problems/obstacles related to applicability of superhydrophobic surfaces in real life are addressed. This review should be of interest to students and scientists interested specifically in superhydrophobic surfaces but also to scientists and industries focused in material chemistry in general.

What do we need for a superhydrophobic surface? A review on the recent progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces

Advanced functional polymer membranes

I: Introduction. II: Materials and Material Properties. III. Preparation of Synthetic Membranes. IV: Characterisation of Membranes. V: Transport in Membranes. VI: Membrane Processes. VII: Polarisation Phenomena and Membrane Fouling. VIII: Module and Process Design. Appendix 1. Appendix 2. Answers to Exercises: Solved Problems. Answers to Exercises: Unsolved Problems. List of Symbols. Index.

https://www.springer.com/productFlyer_978-0-7923-4247-2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-1297-33557797-0

Basic Principles of Membrane Technology

In chapter II it was shown that a large number of materials can be used as the basis for membrane preparation. A number of preparation techniques exist which enable a membrane to be constructed from a given material. The kind of technique employed depends mainly on the material used and on the desired membrane structure (which in turn is dependent on the separation problem). Three basic types of membrane can be distinguished based on structure and separation principles:


porous membranes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration)


nonporous membranes (gas separation, pervaporation)


liquid membranes (carrier-mediated transport)

Preparation of Synthetic Membranes

A membrane may be defined as a permselective barrier between two homogeneous phases. A molecule or a particle is transported across a membrane from one phase to another because a force acts on that molecule or particle. The extent of this force is determined by the gradient in potential, or approximately by the difference in potential, across the membrane (ΔX) divided by the membrane thickness (l), i.e.

Transport in Membranes

Phase Inversion Membranes

Membrane processes can cover a wide range of separation problems with a specific membrane (membrane structure) being required for every problem. Thus, membranes may differ significantly in their structure and consequently in their functionality. Many attempts have been made to relate membrane structure to transport phenomena, in an effort to provide a greater understanding of separation problems and possibly predict the kind of structure needed for a given separation.

Marcel Mulder

Papers

Basic Principles of Membrane Technology

Preparation of Synthetic Membranes

Transport in Membranes

Phase Inversion Membranes

Characterisation of Membranes