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Marcello Schiavina

Other affiliations: University of Parma
Bio: Marcello Schiavina is an academic researcher from Polytechnic University of Milan. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Urbanization. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 30 publications receiving 714 citations. Previous affiliations of Marcello Schiavina include University of Parma.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a novel, complete and consistent dataset describing tourist density at high spatial resolution with monthly breakdown for the whole of the European Union, which is achieved thanks to the integration of data from conventional statistical sources with big data from emerging sources, namely two major online booking services containing the precise location and capacity of tourism accommodation establishments.

128 citations

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TL;DR: Light is shed on the key role of urban areas for development, on the patterns of urban development across the regions of the world and on the role of a new generation of data to advance urbanization theory and reporting.
Abstract: In the last few decades the magnitude and impacts of planetary urban transformations have become increasingly evident to scientists and policymakers. The ability to understand these processes remained limited in terms of territorial scope and comparative capacity for a long time: data availability and harmonization were among the main constraints. Contemporary technological assets, such as remote sensing and machine learning, allow for analyzing global changes in the settlement process with unprecedented detail. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) project set out to produce detailed datasets to analyze and monitor the spatial footprint of human settlements and their population, which are key indicators for the global policy commitments of the 2030 Development Agenda. In the GHSL, Earth Observation plays a key role in the detection of built-up areas from the Landsat imagery upon which population distribution is modelled. The combination of remote sensing imagery and population modelling allows for generating globally consistent and detailed information about the spatial distribution of built-up areas and population. The GHSL data facilitate a multi-temporal analysis of human settlements with global coverage. The results presented in this article focus on the patterns of development of built-up areas, population and settlements. The article reports about the present status of global urbanization (2015) and its evolution since 1990 by applying to the GHSL the Degree of Urbanisation definition of the European Commission Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG-Regio) and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT). The analysis portrays urbanization dynamics at a regional level and per country income classes to show disparities and inequalities. This study analyzes how the 6.1 billion urban dwellers are distributed worldwide. Results show the degree of global urbanization (which reached 85% in 2015), the more than 100 countries in which urbanization has increased between 1990 and 2015, and the tens of countries in which urbanization is today above the global average and where urbanization grows the fastest. The paper sheds light on the key role of urban areas for development, on the patterns of urban development across the regions of the world and on the role of a new generation of data to advance urbanization theory and reporting.

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The degree of urbanisation is a new definition of cities, towns and semi-dense areas, and rural areas endorsed by the United Nations Statistical Commission as discussed by the authors, which is used to classify cities and towns as rural areas in Africa and Asia and as urban areas in other parts of the world.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the patterns of connectivity between marine protected areas (MPAs) and neighbouring non-protected areas and the scale at which the benefits of MPAs are expected using the white sea bream as model species.
Abstract: Aim To explore the patterns of connectivity between marine protected areas (MPAs) and neighbouring non-protected areas and the scale at which the benefits of MPAs are expected using the white sea bream as model species. Location Marine protected area of Torre Guaceto (TGMPA, Italy) in the south Adriatic Sea. Methods A multidisciplinary approach was used combining (1) a genetic survey using 12 highly informative microsatellite loci of samples collected within the MPA and in several locations up to 100 km from the MPA; and (2) larval trajectories using Lagrangian simulations based on an oceanographical model of the region that includes specific data on early life-history traits. Both genetic and simulation studies were temporarily replicated during two consecutive years. Results The overall genetic homogeneity observed indicates that the TGMPA is not isolated and that there is genetic connectivity among locations across a scale of at least ~200 km. A high degree of connectivity between the TGMPA and neighbouring areas is in agreement with Lagrangian simulations, which indicate that white sea bream larvae can be transported over large distances up to about 300 km. Trajectories released from the TGMPA showed that on average, 12.75% of the larvae remains within the TGMPA, while the rest travel south towards non-protected areas. Main conclusions Our findings highlight the potential benefits of effectively enforced MPAs for neighbouring or relatively distant non-protected fishing areas and the potential connection with other MPAs at regional scale. Combining genetics and modelling can provide a general framework to investigate the role of connectivity in MPA design that can be easily extended to other species and geographical areas.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The European eel Anguilla anguilla is thought to be in a multi-decadal decline across its range as discussed by the authors, and little is known about the historical trend and current status of eel stock in the Mediterranean Sea.
Abstract: The European eel Anguilla anguilla is thought to be in a multi-decadal decline across its range. Although its northern Atlantic sub-populations are well-studied, little is known about the historical trend and current status of eel stock in the Mediterranean Sea. To fill this gap, we gathered catch data for 86 lagoon fisheries in nine countries across the Mediterranean basin and analysed historical trends and geographical and environmental patterns. We found a region-wide decline in eel catch, beginning in the mid-1970s and exceeding the simultaneous decline in non-eel fisheries, as well as lower productivity in larger lagoons and those in the southern Mediterranean. Additionally, we developed a population dynamics model to provide a preliminary estimate of pristine, potential, and actual escapement of spawning adults (silver eels) across the Mediterranean basin under historical and current conditions. Model results suggest that current escapement is 35% of escapement at pristine biomass levels, ,40% target set by EC regulation 1100/2007. Furthermore, we estimate that a complete closure of lagoon fisheries would achieve 57% of pristine escapement under current recruitment levels. Though preliminary, this analysis represents a first step towards a full assessment of the role of the Mediterranean subpopulation in overall eel stock recovery.

64 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: It is shown that high risk individuals are at high risk of injury and death by accident.
Abstract: 韧性(resilience)是指个人面对生活逆境、创伤、悲剧、威胁及其他生活重大压力的良好适应,也是个人应激(stress)和应对(coping)的正面结果。在过去的数十年,护理学等健康相关领域的学者们一直在关注为什么一些人在逆境、压力、疾病等高危(high risk)经历下也能较好地维持健康,而一些人则被逆境打败,身心健康也随之处于不良状态。近年来,应激心理学、健康心理学、精神医学、教育学、护理学等各学科对韧性概念越来越重视,尤其是临床领域的研究,从过去强调人的缺点和脆弱性的病理模式转变为关注个人的优势和强韧性的健康模式。

674 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used the full archive of 30-m resolution Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine platform to map the Global Artificial Impervious Areas (GAIA) from 1985 to 2018.

472 citations

01 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the extent of land-cover change caused by people is analyzed. But the authors focus on the terrestrial water cycle and do not consider the effects of human impacts on it.
Abstract: Human impacts on the terrestrial water cycle have the potential to influence hazards such as flooding and drought, so understanding the extent of our influence is an important research goal. A study utilizing estimates of evapotranspiration for different types of land cover and a database of changes in use now shows that the extent of land-cover change caused by people is already an important factor affecting the terrestrial water cycle.

330 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other ocean velocity data such as from altimetry as mentioned in this paper, where large sets of virtual particles are integrated within the 3D, time-evolving velocity fields.

309 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors made use of reliable impervious surface mapping algorithms that they published before and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to address this data gap. And they were able to map impervious surfaces over the entire country circa 1978, and during 1985-2017 at an annual frequency.
Abstract: Impervious surfaces are the most significant feature of human settlements. Timely, accurate, and frequent information on impervious surfaces is critical in both social-economic and natural environment applications. Over the past 40 years, impervious surface areas in China have grown rapidly. However, annual maps of impervious areas in China with high spatial details do not exist during this period. In this paper, we made use of reliable impervious surface mapping algorithms that we published before and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to address this data gap. With available data in GEE, we were able to map impervious surfaces over the entire country circa 1978, and during 1985-2017 at an annual frequency. The 1978 data were at 60-m resolution, while the 1985-2017 data were in 30-m resolution. For the 30-m resolution data, we evaluated the accuracies for 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Overall accuracies reached more than 90%. Our results indicate that the growth of impervious surface in China was not only fast but also considerably exceeding the per capita impervious surface area in developed countries like Japan. The 40-year continuous and consistent impervious surface distribution data in China would generate widespread interests in the research and policy-making community. The impervious surface data can be freely downloaded from http://data.ess.tsinghua.edu.cn .

276 citations