Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are seen as the key enabling technology of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In addition to safety, VANETs also provide a cost-effective platform for numerous comfort and entertainment applications. A pragmatic solution of VANETs requires synergistic efforts in multidisciplinary areas of communication standards, routings, security and trust. Furthermore, a realistic VANET simulator is required for performance evaluation. There have been many research efforts in these areas, and consequently, a number of surveys have been published on various aspects. In this article, we first explain the key characteristics of VANETs, then provide a meta-survey of research works. We take a tutorial approach to introducing VANETs and gradually discuss intricate details. Extensive listings of existing surveys and research projects have been provided to assess development efforts. The article is useful for researchers to look at the big picture and channel their efforts in an effective way.

How Close are We to Realizing a Pragmatic VANET Solution? A Meta-Survey

Towards video streaming in IoT Environments: Vehicular communication perspective

A self-organizing system for urban traffic control based on predictive interval microscopic model

The paper proposes a novel signature verification concept. This new approach uses appropriate similarity coefficients to evaluate the associations between the signature features. This association, called the new composed feature, enables the calculation of a new form of similarity between objects. The most important advantage of the proposed solution is case-by-case matching of similarity coefficients to a signature features, which can be utilized to assess whether a given signature is genuine or forged. The procedure, as described, has been repeated for each person presented in a signatures database. In the verification stage, a two-class classifier recognizes genuine and forged signatures. In this paper, a broad range of classifiers are evaluated. These classifiers all operate on features observed and computed during the data preparation stage. The set of signature composed features of a given person can be reduced what decrease verification error. Such a phenomenon does not occur for the raw features. The approach proposed was tested in a practical environment, with handwritten signatures used as the objects to be compared. The high level of signature recognition obtained confirms that the proposed methodology is efficient and that it can be adapted to accommodate as yet unknown features. The approach proposed can be incorporated into biometric systems.

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The k-NN classifier and self-adaptive Hotelling data reduction technique in handwritten signatures recognition

Vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) are built on top of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) by equipping vehicles with sensing devices. These new technologies create a huge opportunity to extend the sensing capabilities of the existing road traffic control systems and improve their performance. Efficient utilisation of wireless communication channel is one of the basic issues in the vehicular networks development. This paper presents and evaluates data collection algorithms that use uncertainty estimates to reduce data transmission in a VSN-based road traffic control system.

Uncertainty-dependent data collection in vehicular sensor networks

The Road Weather Information Systems used nowadays are a vast network infrastructure which covers local weather stations, regional and national management centres. Despite that, its response time still takes up from 5 to 10 minutes. During that time vehicles are vulnerable to rapidly changing weather conditions. Integrating VANETs into this structure could significantly improve a system’s effectiveness. The paper describes the possible solutions and compares the network issues connected with the system integration. The security issue and traffic influence were also taken under consideration.

VANETs as a Part of Weather Warning Systems

The paper presents a model to detect and track vehicles in highly congested traffic using low quality (usually compressed) video sequences. Robustness of the model is provided by applying a data fusion for various detection and tracking algorithms. The surveys to find reliable detection algorithms were performed. Basing on the experiments, the model calibration and results were presented. The proposed model provides data, which can be used by traffic engineers in various microscopic traffic simulations.

Objects detection and tracking in highly congested traffic using compressed video sequences

The training courseware complexity proper selection is one of the most difficult factors looking from an intelligent application engine development. The application needs individual settings, the most relevant for the application structure matching to the users' individual expectations. What is more, the obtained structure allows controlling dynamically the application within a time it is used. The application units description with their controlling functions allow joining the database components into individual composition of the courseware. The paper introduces several aspects of distance learning resources development, fulfilling the demanding assumptions of the interactive training units.

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Interactions Validation Methods for Training Resources Control Engine Development

Presentation, in a form of a sketched graphical diagram, is often used as a training approach of various didactic levels. However, the trainee examination using the hand-sketch diagrams is still not a common practice, due to the evaluation complexity; both for a teacher and for an automatic recognition system. The elaborated interface, supported by the low-level recognition algorithm, simplifies the evaluation procedures. The solution removes both interpretation uncertainty factor and simple errors from the sketch, using the user interaction interface. The users interaction is based on online pattern recognition of strokes in a colour context. Their representation is returned to the user and stored as a graph structure. Additionally, the interface tracks the sketch creation process for more precise final evaluation. The interface can support many fields as various as business, computer science, mathematics, engineering, music and so on; where a set of graphical symbols are lines and curves composition.

Marcin Bernaś

Papers

VANETs as a Part of Weather Warning Systems

Objects detection and tracking in highly congested traffic using compressed video sequences

Interactions Validation Methods for Training Resources Control Engine Development

The colour sketch recognition interface for training systems