Marcos Carmona-Halty

Bio: Marcos Carmona-Halty is an academic researcher from University of Tarapacá. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Confirmatory factor analysis. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 14 publications receiving 137 citations.

The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-9S): Factorial Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Invariance in a Chilean Sample of Undergraduate University Students.

Abstract: This brief report examines the within-network construct validity of the UWES-9S in a convenience sample of 1502 Chilean students (52% were female) ranging between 18 and 25 years old. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported a solution with three related factors that fit significantly better than a one-factor solution. The three subscales (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption) and the overall UWES-9S showed satisfactory internal consistency. The results of multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis supported gender invariance. Overall, the UWES-9S was found to be a reliable and valid scale to assess academic engagement in Chilean undergraduate university students.

Linking positive emotions and academic performance: The mediated role of academic psychological capital and academic engagement

Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between positive emotions and academic performance, and the mediated role played by academic psychological capital and academic engagement, in a sample of 497 Chilean high school students. Participants´ ages ranged from 14 to 17 years old, with a mean of 15.71 (SD = 1.15). Findings supported our hypothesized model that academic psychological capital and academic engagement mediate the relationship between positive emotions and academic performance (GPA). The proposed model has theoretical implications for future research and practical implications for school settings. The promotion of positive emotions in students is a relevant challenge for principals, teachers, and parents in attempting to build academic psychological capital and academic engagement, which in turn may lead to higher academic performance.

Good Relationships, Good Performance: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital - A Three-Wave Study Among Students

Abstract: Academic Psychological Capital, or PsyCap, - a set of positive psychological resources encompassing hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism - has begun to gain attention in academia, showing positive relationships with desirable academic outcomes. However, studies in the field have paid limited attention to the social factors that may increase PsyCap and therefore may lead to positive outcomes. In the present study, we examine whether academic PsyCap mediates between teacher-student relationships and academic performance as assessed by student's GPA, using a three-wave longitudinal design. Through structural equation modeling, as expected, a statistically significant indirect effect was found between teacher-student relationships and academic performance via academic PsyCap. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed; strengths and weaknesses are mentioned; and future research directions are proposed.

Estandarización de la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia Para Adultos: Cuarta Edición en Chile

Abstract: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults, fourth edition (WAIS-IV) is the gold standard for assessing cognitive abilities in adults from 16:00 to 90:11 years of age. Given the need to adjust this instrument to specific cultural characteristics, its standardization for Chilean population was undertaken. A purposive sample of 887 subjects was used, stratified by age, educational level and gender, and grouped into 7 clusters by geographical region. Upon the basis of the parameters set out in the Standards for Psychological and Educational Assessment (American Educational Research Association et al., 1999), analyses of internal consistency and validity were performed. The internal consistency of the test is 0.941, analyzed with Cronbach’s alpha. Each subtest shows good levels of internal consistency. There is evidence of content, construct, and convergent validity. Bias was found in the verbal tests in favor of people with better socio-economic status. The main limitation of the study is the absence of evidence in clinical groups.

Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs Leads to Better Academic Performance Via Increased Psychological Capital: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study Among High School Students

Abstract: This brief report proposes a model in which academic psychological capital (PsyCap) mediates between the satisfaction of student’s basic psychological needs and their academic performance, as assessed by students’ GPA. Participants were 407 adolescents, aged 12–18, recruited from three Chilean schools. Through structural equation modeling, direct and indirect effects were calculated. Results show that academic PsyCap (assessed at time 2) fully mediates the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (assessed at time 1) and academic performance (assessed at time 3). This means that students whose basic psychological needs are satisfied at school experience more hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (PsyCap), which, in turn, leads to better academic performance. Both theoretical and practical implications of the results are addressed, as well as strengths and weaknesses and directions for future research.

Job demands-resources theory: taking stock and looking forward

Abstract: The job demands-resources (JD-R) model was introduced in the international literature 15 years ago (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001). The model has been applied in thousands of organizations and has inspired hundreds of empirical articles, including 1 of the most downloaded articles of the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (Bakker, Demerouti, & Euwema, 2005). This article provides evidence for the buffering role of various job resources on the impact of various job demands on burnout. In the present article, we look back on the first 10 years of the JD-R model (2001-2010), and discuss how the model matured into JD-R theory (2011-2016). Moreover, we look at the future of the theory and outline which new issues in JD-R theory are worthwhile of investigation. We also discuss practical applications. It is our hope that JD-R theory will continue to inspire researchers and practitioners who want to promote employee well-being and effective organizational functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record

A longitudinal study of teachers' occupational well-being: Applying the job demands-resources model.

Abstract: The job demands-resources model (JD-R model; Bakker & Demerouti, 2014) is well established in occupational research, and the proposed processes it posits have been replicated numerous times. Thus, the JD-R model provides an excellent framework for explaining the occupational well-being of beginning teachers-an occupation associated with particularly high levels of strain and consequently, high attrition rates. However, the model's assumptions have to date mostly been tested piecewise, and seldom on the basis of longitudinal models. With a series of longitudinal autoregressive SEM models (N = 1,700) we tested all assumptions of the JD-R model simultaneously in one model with an applied focus on beginning teachers. We assessed self-reports of beginning teachers at three time waves: at the beginning and end (one and a half to two years later) of their preservice period, and again, one year later. Results revealed significant direct effects of resources (self-efficacy) on engagement, of demands (classroom disturbances) on strain (emotional exhaustion), and a significant reverse path of engagement on self-efficacy. Additionally, the results showed two moderation effects: Self-efficacy buffered the demands-strain relationship, while self-efficacy also predicted engagement, especially when disturbances were high. Thus, self-efficacy in classroom management plays an important role in the teachers' stress development process, as it will, in case of high classroom disturbances, not only buffer the strain-enhancing effects, but also boost engagement. Commitment was predicted directly by emotional exhaustion and engagement, but indirectly only by self-efficacy (via engagement). Thus, we provide strong empirical support for the JD-R model. (PsycINFO Database Record

Linking positive emotions and academic performance: The mediated role of academic psychological capital and academic engagement

Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between positive emotions and academic performance, and the mediated role played by academic psychological capital and academic engagement, in a sample of 497 Chilean high school students. Participants´ ages ranged from 14 to 17 years old, with a mean of 15.71 (SD = 1.15). Findings supported our hypothesized model that academic psychological capital and academic engagement mediate the relationship between positive emotions and academic performance (GPA). The proposed model has theoretical implications for future research and practical implications for school settings. The promotion of positive emotions in students is a relevant challenge for principals, teachers, and parents in attempting to build academic psychological capital and academic engagement, which in turn may lead to higher academic performance.

Academic performance of first-year university students: the influence of resilience and engagement

Abstract: This study, using a time-lagged design, investigated whether or not a relationship between the dimensions of resilience and engagement, and the academic performance of first-year university student...