Marek Niewczas

Bio: Marek Niewczas is an academic researcher from McMaster University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Dislocation & Slip (materials science). The author has an hindex of 25, co-authored 90 publications receiving 2402 citations. Previous affiliations of Marek Niewczas include Los Alamos National Laboratory.

The transformation of slip dislocations during twinning of copper-aluminum alloy crystals.

Abstract: Face-centred cubic metals deform by slip until the flow stress and dislocation density are very high, under certain conditions deformation may then proceed by twinning. The geometrical relation between the parent and twinned lattices has been studied in detail (1, 2). In the present work, the dislocation substructures in the parent and twinned portions of the samples were examined in thin foils cut from deformed Cu-8 at. % Al alloy crystals. The data confirm the theoretical predictions, and offer an explanation of some formerly puzzling observations. Consideration of the dislocation transformations indicates that twinning should result in an increase in strength of the material ; this question is also examined.

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile deformation of Mg AZ80 alloy at room temperature

Abstract: The plasticity of coarse and grain-refined Mg AZ80 alloys in the as-cast, γ-dissolved and homogenized states was investigated by specialized tensile testing at room temperature. Results indicate that microstructural parameters such as the activation volume and mean free path are important descriptors for these materials and capture the nature of the solute and second phase effect on strength and ductility. The as-cast alloys contain a microstructure consisting of α-Mg matrix, and divorced eutectic α-Mg/γ-Mg17Al12 phase with non-uniform Al solute content in the α-Mg. Dissolution of the majority of γ-phase occurs after annealing 5 h at 420 °C, and an almost uniform solid solution is obtained after 20 h at 420 °C. The yield strength is dependent upon the volume fraction of γ-phase and grain size. All alloys yield initially by basal slip and they exhibit different work hardening behaviour. The as-cast alloys show the fastest initial hardening and earliest saturation, and ultimately the lowest ductility. In contrast the solutionized alloys show a lower initial work hardening rate that is sustained, and enhanced ductility. The flow stress dependence of the strain rate sensitivity indicates that dynamical recovery processes associated with the dislocation–dislocation interactions, which develop in the as-cast alloys after small amount of deformation, lead to strain localizations and early failure. Results reveal that reducing the grain size and dissolving the γ-phase will enhance the ductility of AZ80 at room temperature.

Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics

Abstract: Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.

Phd by thesis

Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Recent developments in stainless steels

Abstract: This article presents an overview of the developments in stainless steels made since the 1990s. Some of the new applications that involve the use of stainless steel are also introduced. A brief introduction to the various classes of stainless steels, their precipitate phases and the status quo of their production around the globe is given first. The advances in a variety of subject areas that have been made recently will then be presented. These recent advances include (1) new findings on the various precipitate phases (the new J phase, new orientation relationships, new phase diagram for the Fe–Cr system, etc.); (2) new suggestions for the prevention/mitigation of the different problems and new methods for their detection/measurement and (3) new techniques for surface/bulk property enhancement (such as laser shot peening, grain boundary engineering and grain refinement). Recent developments in topics like phase prediction, stacking fault energy, superplasticity, metadynamic recrystallisation and the calculation of mechanical properties are introduced, too. In the end of this article, several new applications that involve the use of stainless steels are presented. Some of these are the use of austenitic stainless steels for signature authentication (magnetic recording), the utilisation of the cryogenic magnetic transition of the sigma phase for hot spot detection (the Sigmaplugs), the new Pt-enhanced radiopaque stainless steel (PERSS) coronary stents and stainless steel stents that may be used for magnetic drug targeting. Besides recent developments in conventional stainless steels, those in the high-nitrogen, low-Ni (or Ni-free) varieties are also introduced. These recent developments include new methods for attaining very high nitrogen contents, new guidelines for alloy design, the merits/demerits associated with high nitrogen contents, etc.

Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys Part I: “Tension” twins

Abstract: Magnesium and its alloys do not in general undergo the same extended range of plasticity as their competitor structural metals. The present work is part I of a study that examines some of the roles deformation twinning might play in the phenomenon. A series of tensile test results are reported for the common wrought alloy AZ31. These data are employed in conjunction with a simple constitutive model to argue that View the MathML source twinning (which gives extension along the c-axis) can increase the uniform elongation in tensile tests. This effect appears to be similar to that seen in Ti, Zr and Cu–Si and in the so called TWIP phenomenon in steel.