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Margaret Bell

Bio: Margaret Bell is an academic researcher from Newcastle University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Air quality index & Traffic congestion. The author has an hindex of 34, co-authored 209 publications receiving 3864 citations. Previous affiliations of Margaret Bell include University of Nottingham & University of Leeds.


Papers
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of the air quality modelling study carried out within the HEAVEN (Healthier Environment through Abatement of Vehicle Emission and Noise) EU: Fifth Framework Information Society Programme.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the air quality modelling study carried out within the HEAVEN (Healthier Environment through Abatement of Vehicle Emission and Noise) EU: Fifth Framework Information Society Programme. The HEAVEN system in Leicester has identified potential scenarios for better air quality through improved control and management of traffic. These measures have been of two types; short-term tactical and long-term strategic measures. In the HEAVEN project emphasis was placed on developing and quantifying the impact of the more strategic citywide traffic demand management strategies (TDMS). Four TDMS scenarios were designed to assess the sensitivity to changes in speed and fleet composition of the network against the base case. However, two of the TDMS, namely those to assess the effect of reducing speed of traffic by 20% on all links across the network and to remove all HGV, were not realistic because they did not also consider the changes in the capacity of the network for traffic that would result. When the capacity reducing effects of the road network were investigated it was found that if a speed reduction of 20% were imposed the capacity would be substantially reduced and if all HGV were banned the capacity would increase. This capacity effect was measured using the TRIPS model and the results inputted into the air quality model Airviro. This paper presents the air quality impacts of the realistic scenarios and compares them to those for the sensitivity tests.

1 citations

01 Jan 1992

1 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated how air pollution data can be analysed quickly and efficiently and in an interactive way, freeing time to consider the problem at hand.
Abstract: openair is an R package primarily developed for the analysis of air pollution measurement data but which is also of more general use in the atmospheric sciences. The package consists of many tools for importing and manipulating data, and undertaking a wide range of analyses to enhance understanding of air pollution data. In this paper we consider the development of the package with the purpose of showing how air pollution data can be analysed in more insightful ways. Examples are provided of importing data from UK air pollution networks, source identification and characterisation using bivariate polar plots, quantitative trend estimates and the use of functions for model evaluation purposes. We demonstrate how air pollution data can be analysed quickly and efficiently and in an interactive way, freeing time to consider the problem at hand. One of the central themes of openair is the use of conditioning plots and analyses, which greatly enhance inference possibilities. Finally, some consideration is given to future developments.

1,303 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Waist circumference provides a simple yet effective measure of truncal adiposity in children and adolescents.

1,023 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of models for assessing intraurban exposure under six classes, including proximity-based assessments, statistical interpolation, land use regression models, line dispersion models, integrated emission-meteorological models, and hybrid models combining personal or household exposure monitoring with one of the preceding methods is presented.
Abstract: The development of models to assess air pollution exposures within cities for assignment to subjects in health studies has been identified as a priority area for future research. This paper reviews models for assessing intraurban exposure under six classes, including: (i) proximity-based assessments, (ii) statistical interpolation, (iii) land use regression models, (iv) line dispersion models, (v) integrated emission-meteorological models, and (vi) hybrid models combining personal or household exposure monitoring with one of the preceding methods. We enrich this review of the modelling procedures and results with applied examples from Hamilton, Canada. In addition, we qualitatively evaluate the models based on key criteria important to health effects assessment research. Hybrid models appear well suited to overcoming the problem of achieving population representative samples while understanding the role of exposure variation at the individual level. Remote sensing and activity-space analysis will complement refinements in pre-existing methods, and with expected advances, the field of exposure assessment may help to reduce scientific uncertainties that now impede policy intervention aimed at protecting public health.

1,023 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review highlights the research aimed at the implementation of MOFs as an integral part of solid-state microelectronics and discusses the fundamental and applied aspects of this two-pronged approach.
Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically highlighted for their potential application in gas storage, separations and catalysis. In contrast, the unique prospects these porous and crystalline materials offer for application in electronic devices, although actively developed, are often underexposed. This review highlights the research aimed at the implementation of MOFs as an integral part of solid-state microelectronics. Manufacturing these devices will critically depend on the compatibility of MOFs with existing fabrication protocols and predominant standards. Therefore, it is important to focus in parallel on a fundamental understanding of the distinguishing properties of MOFs and eliminating fabrication-related obstacles for integration. The latter implies a shift from the microcrystalline powder synthesis in chemistry labs, towards film deposition and processing in a cleanroom environment. Both the fundamental and applied aspects of this two-pronged approach are discussed. Critical directions for future research are proposed in an updated high-level roadmap to stimulate the next steps towards MOF-based microelectronics within the community.

908 citations