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Maria Grazia Avanzi

Bio: Maria Grazia Avanzi is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fasciation & Solanum. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 9 publications receiving 198 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No relation has been found between degree of macroscopical growth responses and intensity of lateral root formation: treatments inducing the most intense growth reactions may show very poor « root-forming » effects.
Abstract: Summary The authors have studied growth responses and induction of laterals in onion roots subjected to various experimental treatments. The following reactions have been observed: C-tumours, coiling and bending responses, basal thickening, root hair formation and browning of roots. Fasciation, sometimes present in onion roots, is brought to greater evidence by many chemical treatments; none of these seems, however, to enhance its frequency. A more or less complete inhibition of growth and induction of lateral roots are generally concomitant phenomena; an exception to this rule are sulfathiazole and the threshold concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and its sodium salt (see Table I). No relation has been found between degree of macroscopical growth responses and intensity of lateral root formation: treatments inducing the most intense growth reactions may show very poor « root-forming » effects (for ex., nicotinic acid and moist air). For most of the chemicals tested the threshold valu...

79 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fenomeni descritti si svolgono nel periodo di tempo compreso fra la differenziazione del-l'archesporio e the metafase eterotipica nelle cellule madri del polline e si riferiscono, quasi esclusivamente, allo sviluppo del tappeto interno.
Abstract: RIASSUNTOL'Autore ha condotto una ricerca citologica sullo sviluppo delle cellule tappeziali di due varieta—Huevo e Porvenir—di Solanum tuberosum, volgendo una attenzione speciale ai fenomeni accompagnanti la crescita del tappeto interno, assai piu sviluppato di quello esterno.I fenomeni descritti si svolgono nel periodo di tempo compreso fra la differenziazione del-l'archesporio e la metafase eterotipica nelle cellule madri del polline e si riferiscono, quasi esclusivamente, allo sviluppo del tappeto interno. A fusioni intercinetiche e coalescenze di fusi si alternano od associano fenomeni di endopoliploidizzazione attraverso il processo dell'endomitosi, gia noto per il tappeto di Spinacia (WITKUS 1945) e della mitosi a diplo e forse policromosomi, finora ignota nello sviluppo del tappeto delle numerose specie studiate da precedenti Autori. Per il vario combinarsi e succedersi di questi meccanismi e possibile nel tappeto interno di Solanum tuberosum L., la realizzazione, attraverso una serie di tre mitos...

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: L'assenza di mutazioni cromosomiche in trattamenti intesi a mostrare una eventuale azione mutagena dell'essenza di senape conferma quanto gia stabilito da precedenti AA.
Abstract: RIASSUNTO1) Gii AA. hanno studiato l'attivita citologica di sette essenze sui meristemi radicali di bulbi di Allium Cepa L.2) g Esperimenti comparati con soluzioni delle sette essenze in acqua distillata e in acqua di fonte mostrano che le prime sono molto piu tossiche delle seconde. Anche i valori-limite di alcune reazioni citologiche sono spostati, generalmente verso livelli piu bassi. Una tale differenza d'azione e da porre, almeno parzialmente, in relazione con la maggiore acidita posseduta dalle soluzioni in acqua distillata.3) Nella Tabella I sono stati riuniti gli effetti citologici indotti dalle soluzioni (in acqua di fonte) delle sette essenze studiate, allo scopo di mettere in piu chiara evidenza la perfetta graduazione in intensita dei diversi effetti e i loro relativi valori-limite.4) L'assenza di mutazioni cromosomiche in trattamenti intesi a mostrare una eventuale azione mutagena dell'essenza di senape conferma quanto gia stabilito da precedenti AA. per Drosophila (Auerbach e Robson 1947).5)...

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: L'A.
Abstract: L'A. ha eseguito uno studio statistico dell'attivita mutagena di tre derivati naftalenici. Di essi l α -metilnaftalene e risultato il piu attivo, ed in scala decrescente l α -naftilamina e l α-naft...

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: La generalmente buona stimolazione delle cellule corticali ha permesso di mettere in evidenza l'esistenza di mitosi a diplo- e a quadruplocromosomi nelle cellule della corteccia di quasi tutte le specie studiate.
Abstract: RIASSUNTOMediante trattamenti con soluzioni di acido 2,4-diclorofenossiacetico o del suo sale sodico l'A. ha stimolato alla mitosi i tessuti differenziati della radice di 5 specie di Graminaceae (Secale cereale L., Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum durum Desf., Triticum vulgare Host., Zea Mays L.) e ne ha studiato la costituzione cariologica.La generalmente buona stimolazione delle cellule corticali ha permesso di mettere in evidenza l'esistenza di mitosi a diplo- e a quadruplocromosomi nelle cellule della corteccia di quasi tutte le specie studiate; lo studio del corso di tali mitosi, presentatesi con particolare chiarezza in Secale, induce a ritenere che diplo- e quadruplocromosomi sono il risultato di una soprannumeraria riproduzione cromosomica in tutte le parti del cromosoma, escluso il centromero.In tutte le specie studiate, durante la mitosi nei tessuti differenziati, sono state trovate aberrazioni cromosomiche spontanee presenti, quasi esclusivamente in nuclei poliploidi e con la massima frequenza in S...

17 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review emphasises cadmium toxicity on plants with regards to ecological, physiological and biochemical aspects and may help in interdisciplinary studies to assess the ecological significance of metal stress.

1,062 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Comparisons among different types of ionizing radiations and among similar radiation types having different energies for their capacity for producing chromosome aberrations are of considerable fundamental importance in the study of aberration production.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses chromosome aberrations induced by ionizing radiations. Chromosome aberrations are used as general indices of cellular damage or as cell markers in studying cell-population kinetics in irradiated or tumor tissues. Of primary importance are the mechanisms involved in aberration induction and in the action of modifying agents that alter the overall frequency or relative frequencies of the different aberration types. The types of aberrations that are induced following irradiation or treatment with certain radiomimetic chemicals are classified according to the unit of breakage or exchange that is involved. The types of structural changes that can occur within or between chromosomes and chromatids are of two kinds: the simple deletion and the exchange. The simple deletion appears to be the result of a single break in the chromosome or chromatid and the exchange is a new rearrangement following the joining of breakage ends that result from separate breaks. Comparisons among different types of ionizing radiations and among similar radiation types having different energies for their capacity for producing chromosome aberrations are of considerable fundamental importance in the study of aberration production.

406 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cytogenetics of plant cell and tissue cultures and their regenerates will be discussed, and nuclear processes at and during callus induction will be followed.
Abstract: After a short introduction, the cytogenetics of plant cell and tissue cultures and their regenerates will be discussed. In the first section discussion will focus on cytogenetic conditions “in vivo”, i.e., in the original explant: (I) widespread ocurrence of polysomaty as a consequence of endoreduplication; (2) aneusomaty, an important, though rare, cause of chromosome number variation in vivo; (3) occurrence of chromosome structural changes in differentiated tissues, especially in association with aging; (4) mixoploidy and/or gene mutations, either nuclear or organellar, present as mosaics or periclinal chimeras, especially in vegetatively propagated plants. In section two the discussion will follow with nuclear processes at and during callus induction: (1) mitosis induction in diploid (haploid) and endoreduplicated cells and initiation of cell lines with different ploidy levels; (2) chromosome endoreduplication prior to mitosis induction as a mechanism of polyploidization; (3) nuclear fragmentation (ami...

278 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that morphogenetic changes were induced by the fungus in the root system of the host during the first 105 days after sowing by Glomus sp.
Abstract: SUMMARY Morphometric analysis, modelling and histological techniques were used to study root morphogenesis in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants of Allium porrum infected by a Glomus sp., strain E3, during the first 105 days after sowing. They showed that morphogenetic changes were induced by the fungus in the root system of the host. Adventitious roots of mycorrhizal plants became more numerous and shorter than those of controls, as mycorrhizal infection proceeded. Increase in number was fitted by logistic curves in mycorrhizal and control plants; increase in length was fitted in both cases by logistic curves. Mycorrhizal roots became progressively more branched than controls: branching increased linearly with time in mycorrhizas, whereas in the controls it showed an almost constant frequency from day 49 onwards and was fitted by a logistic curve. There was a significant depression of mitotic index demonstrated in the apical meristems of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas.

207 citations