This book describes the present state of knowledge regarding the impact of cyanobacteria on health through the use of water. It considers aspects of risk management and details the information needed for protecting drinking water sources and recreational water bodies from the health hazards caused by cyanobacteria and their toxins. It also outlines the state of knowledge regarding the principal considerations in the design of programmes and studies for monitoring water resources and supplies and describes the approaches and procedures used.
The development of this publication was guided by the recommendations of several expert meetings concerning drinking water (Geneva, December 1995; Bad Elster, June
1996) and recreational water (Bad Elster, June 1996; St Helier, May 1997). An expert meeting in Bad Elster, April 1997, critically reviewed the literature concerning the toxicity of cyanotoxins and developed the scope and content of this book. A draft manuscript was reviewed at an editorial meeting in November 1997, and a further draft was
reviewed by the working group responsible for updating the Guidelines for Drinkingwater Quality in March 1998.

/pdf/toxic-cyanobacteria-in-water-a-guide-to-their-public-health-2y64v55hv1.pdf

Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management.

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0014-5793%2890%2980245-E

Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants.

Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites--the cyanotoxins.

(2002). The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 113-390.

The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, a tropical blooming species of cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), was isolated from the domestic water supply reservoir on Palm Island, a continental island off the tropical northeast coast of Australia. This species, not previously known to be toxic, was shown to be severely hepatotoxic for mice. The 50% lethal dose at 24 h after injection was found to be 64 +/- 5 mg of freeze-dried culture per kg of mouse. The principal lesion produced was centrilobular to massive hepatocyte necrosis, but various degrees of injury were also seen in the kidneys, adrenal glands, lungs, and intestine. The possible implication of this finding in relation to an incident of hepatoenteritis in humans living on the island is discussed.

Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir.

Cylindrospermopsin: a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

Naming of cyclic heptapeptide toxins of cyanobacteria (blue-green-algae)

Examination of the results of routine assays for hepatic enzymes in plasma has shown a significant elevation of the levels of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, and a lesser elevation of those of alanine aminotransferase, in plasma specimens from a population who obtained drinking water from a reservoir containing a heavy bloom of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. Such elevations did not occur in the adjacent population who did not use water from this source. They coincided with the occurrence of the algal bloom, and were not present in the corresponding assays during the periods before and after the occurrence of the bloom. Increases in the levels of these enzymes indicate toxic liver injury and could not be attributed to clinical changes in the frequency of acute liver conditions or to variations in the number of plasma samples taken from patients with alcoholism. Therefore, it is concluded that the toxic algae in the water-supply reservoir cause the observed elevation of the levels of hepatic enzymes in the plasma of the consuming population.

Maria T. C. Runnegar

Papers

Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir.

Cylindrospermopsin: a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

Naming of cyclic heptapeptide toxins of cyanobacteria (blue-green-algae)

Evidence of liver damage by toxin from a bloom of the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa.

Cylindrospermopsin: A Potent Hepatotoxin from the Blue‐Green Alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii