Marianne Spalding

Bio: Marianne Spalding is an academic researcher from Sao Paulo State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ovariectomized rat & Meaningful learning. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 15 publications receiving 186 citations.

Scanning electron microscopy study of dental enamel surface exposed to 35% hydrogen peroxide : alone, with saliva, and with 10% carbamide peroxide

Abstract: Several vital bleaching systems have been introduced in response to the demand in esthetic dentistry The active agents are commonly hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide used in at-home or in-office techniques Although generally positive results have been reported concerning the whitening ability of these agents, concerns still remain as to their effects on dental tissues The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of these bleaching agents on the enamel surface morphology Twelve extracted teeth were used according to three experimental protocols In experimental protocol 1, specimens were treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide In experimental protocol 2, after treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide the specimens were immersed in natural saliva for 1 week In experimental protocol 3, 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied once and 10% carbamide peroxide was applied for 1 week (12 h of 10% carbamide peroxide alternating with 12 h saliva) Scanning electron microscopy evaluation revealed that regional variation in tooth morphology surface sometimes exceeded the effects of the peroxide used according to experimental protocols Thirty-five percent hydrogen peroxide had a tendency to promote an increase in density of pits Precipitates were observed on specimen surfaces immersed in natural saliva according to protocol 2 A smooth and shiny surface was observed in specimens treated according to protocol 3 The potential relationship between surface alterations and differences in enamel permeability is currently under investigation CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The differences in various articles written on the subject cannot be reconciled because of the lac of standardization of baseline data regarding factors such as location on the tooth, type of tooth eruption or noneruption, and age in the oral cavity This article demonstrates that, despite changes observed in the enamel surface after bleaching, normal variation in tooth morphology may exceed the effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide on the teeth Hence, considering the morphologic features of the tooth surface, bleaching, as described in thi study, can be considered safe for enamel

Estrogen deficiency and periodontal condition in rats: a radiographic and macroscopic study.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency as a risk factor of periodontal disease in rats. Forty 90-day old female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX; n=20) or sham operated (SHAM; n=20). After 30 days, periodontitis was induced by placement of a cotton ligature around the upper second molars of 10 OVX and 10 SHAM animals. All animals were sacrificed 5 weeks later. Body weight was assessed before all surgical procedures. The left hemimaxillas were removed and the percentage of periodontal bone support was determined radiographically and buccal alveolar bone loss was determined macroscopically using an image-analysis software. Furcation involvement was also evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA at 5% significance level. Within the evaluated period, the ovariectomized rats gained more weight than the sham-operated animals (p 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, estrogen deficiency could not be considered as a risk factor for periodontal disease.

Desafios e possibilidades para o ensino superior: uma experiência brasileira em tempos de COVID-19

Abstract: The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has acquired great proportions and its impact on society has become increasingly significant. With regard to education, the remote learning is used as an alternative to keep the students active, minimizing the consequences that the policies of social isolation has been had on academic activities. This study, has a descriptive, qualitative and quantitative character, as an experience report, and was elaborated based on the need for sudden adaptation of the pedagogical strategies in the course of Histology and Embryology of the Dentistry School of a Brazilian public university. The objective is to expose the different possibilities of strategies and pedagogical tools that have been used, as well as to analyze the academic performance and engagement of students. Teachers sought tried not only temporary solutions to continue the course, but strive to recreate a new educational model, considering the use of active teaching methodologies for meaningful learning, through the use of pedagogical strategies and fully used digital tools in a virtual way, providing opportunities for the development of students' autonomy and self-responsibility. Although preliminary results regarding student engagement and performance has been promising, this study is limited to data at a defined time and there would be a need for longitudinal studies to effectively assess the impacts of this educational model, not just on student engagement and performance, but also in their learning and the quality of education.

Aplicação de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem: experiência na área de engenharia

Abstract: O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiencia da insercao de metodologias ativas de ensino em uma disciplina do curso de Engenharia Ambiental, visando a promocao da autonomia dos estudantes. As metodologias utilizadas foram: Team Based Learning (TBL), dinâmica de grupo “Batata Quente” e os recursos tecnologicos Hot Potatoes e Kahoot. A necessidade da inclusao e atualizacao da metodologia de ensino nas engenharias e evidente, uma vez que o recurso pedagogico mais utilizado e a repeticao das mesmas aulas que os proprios docentes assistiram quando alunos. Soma-se a isso a nova geracao de discentes, a chamada “Geracao Z”, em que a quantidade de informacoes disponivel e imensa e a velocidade em que sao oferecidas e muito alta. O intuito de inserir novas metodologias e trazer o interesse dos alunos para dentro da sala de aula e coloca-los como o centro do binomio ensino-aprendizagem, bem como situar o professor como responsavel por criar condicoes para a efetiva construcao de conhecimento.

Clinical Evaluation of In-office Dental Bleaching Treatments With and Without the Use of Light-activation Sources

Abstract: Clinical Relevance The use of light-activation sources did not affect the outcome of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide.

Efficacy, side-effects and patients’ acceptance of different bleaching techniques (OTC, in-office, at-home):

Abstract: This clinical study compared the efficacy of three different bleaching techniques with respect to the bleaching times required in order to achieve six grades of whitening in human teeth. Any side effects that were noted and the patients' acceptance of the method were recorded by a visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 10. Moreover, epoxy casts from the study teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in order to detect any potential changes in the enamel surface due to treatments. Thirty-nine volunteers participated in the study and were allocated randomly to one of three different bleaching treatments: Group A (n=13) used Whitestrips (over-the-counter technique; one cycle=30 minutes), Group B (n=13) used Opalescence PF 10% (at-home bleaching technique; one cycle=8 hours) and Group C (n=13) used Opalescence Xtra Boost (in-office bleaching technique; one cycle=15 minutes) until a defined whitening of six tabs compared to the baseline were reached (assessed by the VITA shade guide). All three methods achieved six grades of whitening. The mean treatment time required to reach the defined level of whitening was 31.85 +/- 6.63 cycles in Group A, 7.15 +/- 1.86 cycles in Group B and 3.15 +/- 0.55 cycles in Group C. All products differed significantly from each other in terms of treatment cycles and required treatment time (p<0.001 by ANOVA and Mann-Whitney-U-test). Using the VA scale, side effects noted within the three groups were minimal. Tooth hypersensitivity ranged from 2.62 (Whitestrips) to 3.38 (Opalescence PF), and gingival irritation ranged between 0.23 (Opalescence Xtra Boost) and 0.85 (Whitestrips). The most accepted method was the at-home bleaching technique. None of the teeth studied showed detectable enamel surface changes in the subsequent SEM analysis using 200x and 2000x magnification.

Eight In-office Tooth Whitening Systems Evaluated In Vivo: A Pilot Study

Abstract: Clinical Relevance Rapid bleaching is the main advantage of in-office bleaching; however, there is also a rapid reversal that occurs with most in-office products after bleaching.

The broad effects of the functional IL-10 promoter-592 polymorphism: modulation of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG expression and their association with periodontal disease outcome.

Abstract: Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases, in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction It occurs through the generation of metalloproteinases and the activation of bone resorption mechanisms Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 seem to attenuate periodontal tissue destruction through the induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis osteoprotegerin (OPG) A high individual variation in levels of IL-10 mRNA is verified in periodontitis patients, which is possibly determined by genetic polymorphisms In this study, the IL-10 promoter -592C/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is associated with a decrease in IL-10 production, was analyzed by RFLP in 116 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 173 control (C) subjects, and the IL-10, TIMPs, and OPG mRNA expression levels in diseased gingival tissues were determined by real-time-PCR The IL-10-592 SNP CA (P=00012/OR=24/CI:14-41), AA (P=00458/OR=23/CI:11-49), and CA+AA (P=00006/OR=24/CI:14-34) genotypes and the allele A (P=00036/OR=17/CI:12-24) were found to be significantly more prevalent in the CP group when compared with control subjects Both CA and AA genotypes were associated with lower levels of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG mRNA expression in diseased periodontal tissues and were also associated with disease severity as mean pocket depth Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that IL10-592 SNP is functional in CP, being associated with lower levels of IL-10 mRNA expression, which is supposed to consequently decrease the expression of the downstream genes TIMP-3 and OPG, and influence periodontal disease outcome