Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

basic research and clinical data in an attempt to derive a cohesive model which explains the behavioral effects of the drug. Johnson is an experimental psychologist, and his work underlies many of the chapters which suggest that lithium decreases the behavioral response to novel external stimuli. He then utilizes this foundation to propose a cognitive model for lithium's anti-manic action, its inhibition of violent impulsivity, and its prophylactic effects in recurrent depression. Previous formulations which were clinically based, such as that of Mabel Blake Cohen and her associates, stressed the primacy of depression and noted the \"manic defense\" as an attempt to ward off intolerable depression. In direct contrast, Johnson views mania as the primary disturbance in bipolar disorder. He considers depression in bipolar disease as an over-zealous homeostatic inhibitory responsf to a maniaassociated cognitive overload. Consistent with this, he believes, lit lum exerts its anti-manic effect by decreasing cognitive processing in a manner analogous to his animal studies. Johnson also suggests that lithium exerts its prophylactic effect in recurrent depressions by treating subclinical mania. These concepts are supported by the work of Johnson's associate, Kukopulos, to whom the book is dedicated. The bulk of the research which describes the cognitive disturbance in mania is complex, however, and uncomfortably open to multiple interpretations. Recognized as a preliminary effort, Johnson's formulation may help to guide further research. Although Johnson clearly traces lithium actions through a broad range of subjects, his discussion of the neurophysiological aspects of this drug is notably spotty. In particular, Johnson ignores the work of Svensson, DeMontigny, Aghajanian, and others who suggest that serotonergic systems may play an important role in the antidepressant actions of lithium. As a result, he fails to discuss one of the most important current uses of lithium: as an agent used in conjunction with antidepressant medications to increase treatment response in medication-resistant forms of depression. Lithium augmentation of antidepressant medication also challenges the formulation presented by Johnson. This formulation suggests that lithium should have no therapeutic value in patients, such as those with endogenous depression, who already \"under-process\" cognitive information. The omission of lithium augmentation in depression is clearly unfortunate in this text. Overall, this volume demonstrates the benefits of a single-authored text. It it clearly organized and readable. The bibliography is also broad and useful. In this book, Johnson primarily addresses a research audience, and his model seems designed to stimulate thought rather than to improve clinical technique. In this capacity, his book will be of most interest to behavioral psychologists. Other books, focusing purely on clinical data, may be more useful to clinicians. Nevertheless, the clear organization, the large bibliography, and the thoughtful presentation may make this text a useful addition to a clinical library as well.

The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World.

THE PRESS AND FOREIGN POLICY' IT IS a defect of some of the studies of the diplomatic background of the Great War that they tend to ignore the influence on pre-war diplomacy of public opinion in general and of the press in particular. Based primarily on official documents such studies unconsciously tend to overemphasize the parts played by the leaders with whose activities the documents are so largely concerned and to neglect some of the less obvious forces that affected the course of events. The influence of the press, it is true, can never be measured accurately. \"No diviniiig rod can locate it,\" says Miss Salmon, \"no plummet sound its depth, no instrument of precision measure it, no astronomer compute its orbit.\"2 And yet that influence in pre-war Europe was very real and very considerable. Professor Fay goes so far as to list \"the poisoning of public opinion by the newspaper press in all the great countries\"3 as one of the chief underlying causes of the war. If the influence of the press cannot be exactly determined, however, it can at least be roughly estimated; and even where no attempt is made to estimate influence, a kniowledge of newspaper views on questions of foreign policy is of assistance in clarifying the atmosphere out of which the Great WYar came.

The Press and Foreign Policy

Continuous casting process for the production of hollow ingot using an improved direct chill casting equipment having a molding system comprising a hollow mold and a movable platform, wherein at least one core and a pipe for introducing outer air are provided, said core being made from a refractory material unwettable with a molten metal and having a convergent taper at the side and an air runner for introducing outer air, which is packed with an air-permeable material, at the bottom, and said pipe for introducing outer air extending upwards from the air runner and passing through the core. The continuous casting process comprises continuously pouring a molten metal into a space surrounded with the hollow mold and the core of the above equipment; cooling the molten metal only at the side wall of the hollow mold without cooling at the side of the core; thereby solidifying the molten metal to form an ingot having a hollow, wherein the interface of the frozen metal and the liquid metal is present at the position around the core; and continuously lowering the ingot thus formed while introducing spontaneously outer air into the hollow part via the pipe for introducing outer air and the air runner of the core.

Regarding the Pain of Others

话说移动计算的历史其实已经很悠久了。Apple著名的但叫好不叫座的Newton到曾经商务人士人手一部的PDA到如今功能越来越多眼花缭乱的手机，好歹也有十几年历史了。操作系统从PalmOS到Microsoft家的Windows CE到随后细分出来的Windows Mobile，Nokia高举的Symbian大旗，四处涌动却又没有一个确定的标准与形式的Embedded Linux Rased System，还有山寨机的最爱——MTK.

移动计算：A Revolution？

The transnational and transmedial dimensions of media and communication throughout history have not always been adequately recognised. In this research report we propose the concept of entanglement as a means of better understanding the dynamic interconnectedness of media across semiotic, technological, institutional and political boundaries in history. Entanglement is a concept that can be employed in order to problematize the presumed points of departure and the linear understandings of development, production and reception that often characterize media-history scholarship. Moreover, an entangled media histories perspective throws light on social and communicative action in general and can thus enrich any historical study. The report outlines, and invites discussion of, the theoretical and methodological framework of the transnational network ‘Entangled Media Histories’, which since 2013 has been a forum for co-operation in research and teaching between media historians in Sweden, Germany and Great Britain.

Entangled Media Histories: The value of Transnational and Transmedial Approaches in Media Historiography

9 789188 168818 ISBN 978-91-88168-81-8 What remains after war? In the World War era more than 120 million people died an untimely or violent death. The horrifying experience of mass death lingered on in cultural narratives for years. The cultural output repeated, reinforced, or renegotiated people’s beliefs about war and suffering, turning trauma into something that could be situated within the conventions of public display.

War remains: Mediations of suffering and death in the era of the world wars

Following the formal diplomatic recognition of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) by the Nordic countries in 1972, an intensive collaboration over the Baltic Sea was initiated in a number of societal fields (Almgren, 2009; Hentila, 2006; Linderoth, 2002; Akerlund, 2011), one of which was broadcasting, particularly public service television. As an accommodating yet non-aligned neighbour of the Soviet Union, Finland was an important target for the diplomatic attention and influence of the GDR; however, Finns were hardly passive objects of diplomatic pressure. Rather, there were strong sympathies for the East Germans among the Finnish public, political elite, and media (Hentila, 2004, 2006; Rusi, 2007, 2012).While earlier research on the relations between Finland and the GDR has concentrated on political parties and organisations, top politicians, and the field of state diplomacy (Hentila, 2004, 2006; Rusi, 2007, 2012), the perspectives of the public and the media have remained unexplored. Thus, this article opens a new perspective on Finland’s Cold War history by examining the role of the state-run, license fee-funded public service television company, the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE), in maintaining and deepening diplomatic relations with East Germany, from the recognition of East Germany in 1972 to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.1 (Less)

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Cold War Television Diplomacy: The German Democratic Republic on Finnish television

This article analyses the transnational production processes of foreign correspondence in the Cold War. It examines the double role of foreign correspondents as reporters and Cold War political age...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13688804.2019.1644158

Foreign correspondents in the Cold War: The politics and practices of East German television journalists in the West

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a broadening of perspectives on Cold War Sweden It is a study not primarily of the explicit political events or debates, but of the everyday cultural narratives of the era During the long 1950s, Swedish Cold War imagination was largely characterised by a determination to maintain total security in the response to the threats that loomed on all sides, an impulse that centred on neutrality and the folkhem (literally, people's home) as narratives of collective self-understanding In the book, I stress the dramaturgical quality of collective meaning creation around “the neutral folkhem” through a study of the images and narratives surrounding the Spy

Narrative and drama are theoretical concepts central to the hermeneutic interpretation in this study and the source material ranges from civil defense, daily newspapers, and popular magazines to fictional narratives, novels, and films Taking my lead from Paul Ricoeur, Clifford Geertz, and Victor Turner, among others, I conceptualise the dramatic narrative as the story line of collective identity, restoring order and meaning out of chaos and confusion

The disposition follows the main elements of a drama First, the stage directions concerning Sweden and the neutral folkhem of the long 1950s are outlined Secondly, there is a plot with a conflict between protagonist (the Public Detective) and antagonist (the Spy or the Fifth Columnist) The main emplotment and the preferred characteristics of the protagonist are narrated particularly in the civil defense material Thirdly, the different faces of the antagonist are shown in the crime journalism of the daily newspapers, focusing mainly on the spy revelations of the day – Hilding Andersson 1951 and Fritjof Enbom 1952 Fourthly, the scenery is laid out by means of the popular magazines of the era Here are also the props as well as the supporting actors and principal victims of the drama, such as the Spy’s suffering mother and girlfriend, on stage An interval follows, in this case to allow for a change of scene by means of introducing the fictional spy novels and films around 1960, and finally, there is a grand denouement, which goes in some detail into the Sweden's most far-reaching spy saga, the Wennerstrom affair of 1963–64 While displaying elements of continuity in the importance of linking the image of the Public Detective and the folkhem community, the Wennerstrom affair also marks the disintegration of the Swedish spy drama, replacing the east-west dichotomy with that of class struggle and the neutral folkhem against Communism with that of the modern and progressive folkhem against pathetic remnants of an old upper-class world view

Marie Cronqvist

Papers

Entangled Media Histories: The value of Transnational and Transmedial Approaches in Media Historiography

War remains: Mediations of suffering and death in the era of the world wars

Cold War Television Diplomacy: The German Democratic Republic on Finnish television

Foreign correspondents in the Cold War: The politics and practices of East German television journalists in the West

Mannen i mitten. Ett spiondrama i svensk kallakrigskultur