Author
Marie Hardin
Other affiliations: Penn State College of Communications
Bio: Marie Hardin is an academic researcher from Pennsylvania State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Journalism & Women's sports. The author has an hindex of 23, co-authored 38 publications receiving 1565 citations. Previous affiliations of Marie Hardin include Penn State College of Communications.
Papers
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 340 college students found that even youth who have grown up with Title IX still rate most sports as masculine, including the newer action sports even though these sports incorporate elements considered generally feminine.
Abstract: This study seeks to update understanding of how sports in U.S. society are viewed in light ofgender norms. A survey of 340 college students found that even youth who have grown up with Title IXstill rate most sports as masculine, including the newer action sports even though these sports incorporate elements considered generally feminine. The study also examined the relationship between media use, sports participation, and gender role socialization with the typing of sports as masculine or feminine; although these factors seemed to impact typing for some sports by degrees, overall findings suggest that traditional gender-typing of sports is resilient. Using Bandura's (¡986) social learning theory, the authors suggest that until mediated images are more inclusive of women in a variety of sports, rising participation rates by women in sports and fitness activities will do little to change traditional gender-typing.
210 citations
TL;DR: Evidence for the associations between social media use and personality traits is provided, which could be a first look at the link between social networking and thinking, and those who spent more time on SNS were more likely to be multitaskers.
124 citations
TL;DR: A survey of women's sports in the media can be found in this article, where the authors examine why editors consistently sideline women's sport and present a survey of the reasons why they do so.
Abstract: Newspaper sports pages have been criticized for failure to incorporate women's sports equitably, although few studies have examined why editors consistently sideline women's sports. This survey of ...
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, interviews with women working as sports journalists showed that they must negotiate several tensions, including balancing their conflicting identities as woman and as professional journalist, and they also saw the two as compatible.
Abstract: Interviews with women working as sports journalists showed that they must negotiate several tensions, including balancing their conflicting identities as woman and as professional journalist. Nevertheless, in the end, they also saw the two as compatible. They fell along a spectrum of resistance to traditional values in sports and journalism, providing evidence of cracks in hegemonic notions of what it means to be a woman covering sports.
110 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the effects of the sex of sports writers on the framing of athletes in print-media coverage of intercollegiate men's and women's basketball tournaments and found that female writers more often framed female athletes for their athletic prowess while male writers were more likely to reinforce gender stereotypes by praising the athleticism of male athletes.
Abstract: This study examined effects of the sex of sports writers on the framing of athletes in print-media coverage of intercollegiate men’s and women’s basketball tournaments. The number of articles by female and male authors and the frames used were analyzed. Descriptors of players, coaches, and both tournaments in articles from CBS SportsLine, ESPN Internet, The New York Times, and USA Today were coded with the authors’ names initially hidden. Results showed that female journalists were more apt to cover women’s basketball, and men predominantly wrote about men’s basketball. The sex of writers also influenced the ways female and male athletes were presented. Male writers were more likely to reinforce gender stereotypes by praising the athleticism of male athletes. In contrast, female writers more often framed female athletes for their athletic prowess. The results suggest that female sports writers can make some difference in framing, but institutional structures minimize their impact.
97 citations
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3,053 citations
TL;DR: A causal-chain framework was developed based on the input-moderator-mediator-output model to illustrate the causality between the research constructs used and the conceptualization of theoretical models/theories proposed by previous researchers.
627 citations
TL;DR: The researchers were able to provide an overview of the main themes and trends covered by the relevant literature such as the role of social media on advertising, the electronic word of mouth, customers’ relationship management, and firms’ brands and performance.
602 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict And What To Do About It (Oxford, 1999) is a treatise that offers a new vision of work, family, and gender as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Joan Williams' Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict And What To Do About It (Oxford, 1999) is a "theoretically sophisticated and thoroughly accessible treatise" that offers a new vision of work, family, and gender. (Publisher's Weekly, Nov. 1, 1999) It examines our system of providing for children's care by placing their caregivers at the margins of economic life. This system that stems from the way we define our work ideals, notably from our definition of the ideal worker as one who takes no time off for childbearing or childrearing and who works full-time and is available for overtime. The ideal-worker norm clashes with our sense that children should be cared for by parents. The result is a system that is bad for men, worse for women, and disastrous for children. Williams documents that mothers remain economically marginalized, and points out that when mothers first marginalize and then divorce, their children often accompany them into poverty. Williams argues that designing workplaces around the bodies of men (who need no time off for childbearing) and men's life patterns (for women still do 80% of the child care) often constitutes discrimination against women. She also engages the work/family literature to show that "flexible" workplaces are often better than existing practices for employers' bottom line. On the family side, she argues that the ideal worker's wage -- after as well as before divorce -- reflects the joint work of the ideal worker and the primary caregiver of his children, and should be jointly owned. In a comprehensive examination of the theoretical issues surrounding work/family issues, she uses the work of Judith Butler and Pierre Bourdieu to explain why gender has proved so unchanging and unbending, reframing the special treatment/equal treatment debate, the debate over "women's voice," and offering new perspective on how to avoid the persistent race and class conflicts that emerge in debates over work and family issues.
408 citations