Marie Raffin

Bio: Marie Raffin is an academic researcher from University of Paris. The author has contributed to research in topics: Catatonia & Psychosis. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 34 publications receiving 703 citations. Previous affiliations of Marie Raffin include King's College London & Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University.

Décès et engagement du pronostic vital chez les enfants et les adolescents ayant un trouble psychiatrique : revue de la littérature et exemple dans un service universitaire d’hospitalisation pédopsychiatrique

Abstract: Resume Contexte Le deces est un evenement rare en pedopsychiatrie et il reste tres peu etudie. Methodes Nous rapportons ici une recension de la litterature sur la mortalite en pedopsychiatrie et une serie retrospective depuis 2007 la mise en place des revues de mortalite et de morbidite realisee dans un service hospitalo-universitaire disposant de plusieurs unites d’hospitalisation. Resultats La revue a collige 73 etudes. Toutes concourent a confirmer la surmortalite des enfants et adolescents suivis en pedopsychiatrie qu’elle soit en population generale ou non specifique (ex : patients hospitalises) ou en population specifique (ex : patients autistes). Les causes de surmortalite sont bien sur le suicide mais egalement nombre de causes naturelles (ex : complications d’addiction ou d’anorexie mentale). Notre etude retrospective collige 11 patients (âge moyen = 15,5 ans ; 9 filles pour 2 garcons) avec 5 deces et 14 situations engageant le pronostic vital (EPV). La encore les suicides completes et les tentatives de suicide graves sont tres presents (n = 8 dont 2 deces), mais nous decrivons egalement des causes somatiques complications de conduites pathologiques (n = 5 : denutrition dans un contexte d’anorexie, intoxication a l’eau) ou sous-tendues par une maladie somatique (n = 5, dont 2 deces lies a une maladie de Sanfilippo et un lymphome infiltrant du tronc cerebral). Conclusion Tout comme en psychiatrie adulte, les enfants et adolescents atteints de troubles mentaux semblent avoir une esperance de vie diminuee par rapport a la population generale. Neanmoins, le deces en pedopsychiatrie reste un phenomene rare et ce d’autant plus lorsqu’il s’agit d’une prise en charge hospitaliere. Notre etude met en evidence que les cas de deces ou d’EPV en pedopsychiatrie hospitaliere sont dus a des maladies somatiques plus ou moins intriquees a des troubles psychiatriques, d’une part, et a des suicides, d’autre part.

Glutamate and dopamine in schizophrenia: an update for the 21st century

Abstract: The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathoaetiology of schizophrenia. Both were initially based on indirect evidence from pharmacological studies supported by post-mortem findings, but have since been substantially advanced by new lines of evidence from in vivo imaging studies. This review provides an update on the latest findings on dopamine and glutamate abnormalities in schizophrenia, focusing on in vivo neuroimaging studies in patients and clinical high-risk groups, and considers their implications for understanding the biology and treatment of schizophrenia. These findings have refined both the dopamine and glutamate hypotheses, enabling greater anatomical and functional specificity, and have been complemented by preclinical evidence showing how the risk factors for schizophrenia impact on the dopamine and glutamate systems. The implications of this new evidence for understanding the development and treatment of schizophrenia are considered, and the gaps in current knowledge highlighted. Finally, the evidence for an integrated model of the interactions between the glutamate and dopamine systems is reviewed, and future directions discussed.

Cannabidiol (CBD) as an Adjunctive Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract: Objective:Research in both animals and humans indicates that cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic properties. The authors assessed the safety and effectiveness of CBD in patients with schizophrenia.Method:In an exploratory double-blind parallel-group trial, patients with schizophrenia were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive CBD (1000 mg/day; N=43) or placebo (N=45) alongside their existing antipsychotic medication. Participants were assessed before and after treatment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF), and the improvement and severity scales of the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI-I and CGI-S).Results:After 6 weeks of treatment, compared with the placebo group, the CBD group had lower levels of positive psychotic symptoms (PANSS: treatment difference=−1.4, 95% CI=−2.5, −0.2) and were more likely to have been rated as improved (CGI-I: treatment difference=−0.5, 95% CI=−0....